Cludoniu.l 
VII. LICHENES. 
5(51 
naked at the base; podetia pale green white or brownish, smooth, branched ; 
axils not perforate ; branches subulate, fertile often fastigiate ; cups 0. Apo- 
thecia brown or rufous, small; sports oblong. — Nvland. Syriops. Lich. %06. 
Northern and Middle Islands : common. Kermadec Islands, Milne. (Cosmo- 
polite.) 
7. C. squamosa, Hoffm. ; — Bub. in FI. N. Z. ii. 296. Thallus horizontal, 
subfoliaceous ; scales crenate ; podetia white, furfuraceous or scaly, branched ; 
axils pervious, toothed and proliferous ; tips forked ; fertile crested, subcorym- 
bose ; cups 0. Apothecia pale or red brown. — Nyland. Synops. Lich. 209. 
Northern Island, Co/enso, Jolliffe. (Cosmopolite.) 
8. C. rangiferina, Hoffm. ; — Bab. in. FI. N. Z ii. 296. Thallus erect, 
leafless and scaleless ; podetia densely tufted, ashy-white, often brown at the 
tips, smooth, slender, elongate, branched ; axils perforate ; branches short, 
spreading or decurved ; branchlets subradiate, fertile suberect subcoryrnbose ; 
cups 0. Apothecia small, brown or pale; spores oblong-fusiform. — Nyland. 
Synops. Lich. 211. 
Abundant throughout the Northern and Middle islands, Lord Auckland’s group, 
Campbell’s and Chatham Islands. (Cosmopolite.) — Oue of the most common of 
Lichens in cold and temperate latitudes, often forming extended white patches, 2-4 in. high. 
The food of the reindeer in arctic regions. 
9. C. capitellata, Bab. in FI. N. Z. ii. 296. t. 130 B. Thallus leafless 
or with few scales ; podetia white or straw-coloured, slender, smooth, straight, 
subulate, sparingly branched ; tips pungent, brown ; axils perforate, gaping ; 
cups 0. Apothecia shortly stipitate; disk brown, reflexed, sometimes perfo- 
rate in age. — Cenomyce capillutci, Tayl. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 
Northern and Middle Islands : not uncommon, Colenso, etc. (Tasmania.) — Nylander 
(Synops. Lich. 216) refers this very doubtfully to C. amaurocrcea, from which, however, as 
he observes, it seems to difTer essentially in the absence of cups and perforate axils. 
/3. Cups 0. Podetia naked, perforate at the sides, not at the axils. 
10. C. aggregata, Eschweiler ; — Bub. in FI. N. Z. ii. 295. Thallus 
pale brown or dirty yellow, darker below, of erect, densely tufted, smooth, 
glabrous, shining, rigid, slender or stout branched podetia ; sterile branches 
forked, with subulate tips ; fertile stouter, turgid. Apothecia minute, black- 
ish, crowded ; spores oblong. — Nyland. Synops. Lich. 218. Dufourea col- 
lodes, Tayl. in Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. 650. Cenomyce, El. Antarct. t. 80. f. 2. 
Abundant throughout the islands to Campbell’s Island, forming large patches on rocks, 
trees, etc. (Mountains of West Indies, S. America, 3. Africa, and S. Asia, also S. Aus- 
tralia.) 
11. C. retipora, Flcerlce ;—Bab. in FI. N. Z. ii. 295 . Habit of C. aggre- 
gata, but the podetia forming a most beautifully reticulated open network, 
white or pale yellow ; branchlets obtuse. — Nyland. Synops. Lich. 219. 
Northern and Middle Islands, and as far south as Campbell’s Island, forming large 
tufts ou the ground. (Australia, Tasmania.) — A most beautiful Lichen. 
§ 2. Apothecia scarlet. 
12. C. corimcopiodes. Fries; — Bab. in FI. N. Z. ii. 298. Thallus 
yellow, white, scaly below ; scales lobed, crenate or incised ; podetia smooth 
