562 vii. lichenes. [Cladonia. 
or granular ; cups often proliferous. Apothecia bright scarlet, often conflu- 
ent. — Nyland. Svnops. Lich. 220. 
Northern Island : on the mountains, Colenso. Middle Island : probably common ; 
Mount Brewster, Haast. (Cosmopolite in temperate and frigid regions.) 
13. C. digitata, Hoffm. ; — Bab. in FI. N. Z. ii. 298. Thallus leafy below ; 
leaflets pale green above, whitish and powdery below, lobed or crenate ; po- 
detia white, powdery, naked, cylindric, simple or branched ; cups narrow or 
broad ; margins entire toothed or digitate. Apothecia scarlet, solitary or con- 
fluent. — Nyland. Synops. Lich. 223. 
Northern Island, Cunningham , Colenso , etc. (Europe, N. America, N. Asia, Tasmania.) 
14. C. macilenta^ Hoffm.; — Bab. in FI. N. Z. ii. 298. Thallus with 
pale green crenate or incised leaflets or scales at the base ; podetia cylindric, 
white, powdery or granular, slender, simple or divided, obtuse; cups 0 or 
narrow. Apothecia scarlet, confluent, tubercled. — Nvland. Synops. Lich. 
223. 
Northern Island, Cunningham, etc. (Cosmopolite.) 
C. uncialis is enumerated by Montagne as a native of Lord Auckland’s group, but not 
by Nylander, and we have seen no specimens. 
8. STEREOCAULON, Schreber. 
Thallus usually tufted, formed of solid podetia, with a medullary axis, 
shrubby, fragile, granular and usually fibrillose, sometimes also bearing cepha- 
lodia (globular bodies) on the surface. Apothecia brown, terminal or lateral, 
without or rarely with a thailine border ; spores 8 in an ascus, cylindric- 
fusiform, septate. Spermagonia mixed with straight or curved subacicular 
spermatia. 
A considerable genus, natives of cold moorlands and rocks, rarely of trunks of trees and 
dead wood. 
1. S. Colensoi, Bab. in FI. N. Z. ii. 295. t. 130 A. Podetia 1-2 in. 
high, stout, white, reddish below, rugulose, sparingly branched ; branches* 
often spreading, tufted and fibrillose below, naked above ; cephalodia 0. 
Apothecia flat, black, terminal, with a thailine border. — Nyland. Synops. Lich. 
232. 
Northern Island: on rocks, Colenso. 
2. S. ramulosum, Ach. ; — Bab. in FI. N. Z. ii. 295. Podetia 3-5 in. 
high, stout, erect, with long branches, granular and with simple or divided 
fibrils, also bearing spherical pedicellate pale cephalodia. Apothecia terminal, 
pale or brown, without a thailine border. — Nyland. Synops. Lich. 235 ; PI. 
Antarct. t. 80. f. 1 ; A. Rich. Yoy. Astrolabe, t. 9. f. 4. 
Abundant throughout the Northern and Middle Islands, Lord Auckland’s 
group, and Campbell’s Island. (S. America, Australia, Tasmania.) 
3. S. corticulatum^ Nyland. Podetia small, short, tufted, branched, 
firm, erect, compressed, areolate on the surface, granular, powdery above ; 
cephalodia subsessile. Apothecia brown, flat or convex, terminal, without a 
thailine border. — Nyland. Synops. Lich. 241. 
