Parmelia.~\ 
VII. LICHENES. 
571 
§ 1. Parmf.lia, Nyland. — Paraphyses not separate. Spores simple. Spertnatia 
usually acicular. 
a. Thallus fibrillous (not densely tomentose ) below , rarely glabrous. 
1. P. caperata, Ach. Thallus orbicular, greenish- or yellorvish-white, 
broad, membranous, often imbricate ; lobes lobulate or granulate and crenate, 
rugulose or granulate here and there ; beneath black and hispid. Apothecia 
scattered, bright chesnut ; border elevated and incurved, crenulate and often 
powdery. — Nyland. Synops. Inch. 376. 
Northern and Middle Islands: on trees, Colenso, etc. (Cosmopolite.) 
2. P. perforata, Ach. ;-—Bab. in FI. N. Z. ii. 285. Thallus orbicular, 
glaucous-green or white, membranous, naked, deeply lobed and crenulate; 
margin fringed with black hairs; beneath black and rough. Apothecia red- 
brown, concave, deep, at length perforated, margin entire. — Nyland. Synops. 
Lich. 377. 
Northern and Middle Islands: on trees, abundant. Lord Auckland's group, 
Le Guillon. (Cosmopolite.) 
3. P. perlata, Acli.; — Bab. in FI. N. Z. ii. 284. Thallus orbicular, 
glaucous, with rounded sinuate crenate flattened lobes, often bordered with 
granules or powdery ; beneath black and hairy. Apothecia elevated, olive- 
brown, concave; margin thin, iuflexed. — Nyland. Synops. Lich. 379. 
Var. ciliata. Thallus more naked below ; margin ciliated with black hairs. Apothecia 
more stipitate ; margin sorediate. — P. proboscidia, Tayl. ; — Bah. in FI. N. Z. ii. 2S5. 
Northern and Middle Islands : on trees, common. (Cosmopolite.) 
4. P. tiliacea, Ach. ; — Bab. in FI. N. Z. ii. 285. Thallus orbicular, 
membranous, grey-glaucous, smooth or rugulose, subpruinose, lobed and 
sinuate, crenate ; beneath brown-black, shaggy. Apothecia brown ; margin 
entire or crenate. — Nyland. Synops. Lich. 382. 
Northern Island, Colenso. (Cosmopolite.) 
5. P. laevigata, Ach. Thallus greyish- white, spreading, smooth, deeply 
cut into multifid lobes and segments, the ultimate broadly linear, acute, with 
terminal powdery warts ; beneath black and shaggy. Apothecia dark ches- 
nut, concave; margin entire, indexed. — Nyland. Synops. Lich. 384. 
Var. sinuosa. Thallus yellowish. 
Middle Island: Otago, on gneiss and basalt (var. sinuosa), Lindsay. (Europe, etc.) 
6. P. saxatilis, Ach. ; — Bab. in FI. N. Z. ii. 285. Thallus orbicular, 
grey, deeply lobed and sinuate ; segments imbricate, retuse, rough with pits 
and reticulated powdery lines ; beneath black and shaggy. Apothecia dark 
brown; margin indexed, entire or crenate. — Nyland. Synops. Lich. 388. 
Northern and Middle Islands, Colenso ; trap rocks, Otago, Lindsay. (Cosmopolite.) 
7. P. conspersa, Ach. ; — Bab. in FI. N. Z. ii. 286. Thallus whitish 
or pale yellow-green, orbicular, membranous, lobed and sinuate, granulate in 
the centre, and with scattered raised dark points ; beneath brown with dark 
fibres. Apothecia near the centre, dark chesnut ; border indexed, entire or 
lobed. — Nyland. Synops. Lich. 391. 
Northern and Middle Islands : on stones, common. (Cosmopolite.) 
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