574 
VII. LICHENES. 
[ Parmelia . 
21. P. picta ?, Ach. ; — Bab. in FI. N. Z. ii. 288. Thallus (almost of 
Placodium) orbicular, white, appressed ; lacinise flat, imbricate, contiguous, 
imbricate or subconfluent, narrow, crenate ; beneath naked, opaque, black, or 
white at the margins only. Apothecia black, flat, small ; margin slightly 
elevate, crenulate. — Pltyscia, Nyland. Synops. Lich. 430. 
Northern Island, Colenso, barren. (Bourbon, Ceylon, Java, Polynesia.) — A doubtful 
identification. 
Lindsay enumerates amongst his Otago Lichens, P. Mougeotii, Schaerer, and P. (Physcia) 
plinthiza, Nyland. n. sp. 
20. UMBILICARIA, Hoffmann. 
Thallus membranous or coriaceous, of one peltate lobed lamina, upper and 
under surfaces opaque. Apothecia without a thalline border, often sinuous 
or gyrose ; paraphyses separate. Spermagonia with arthrostigmata ; sper- 
matia slender, shortly cylindric, obtuse at both ends. 
A considerable arctic and alpine genus, of which some species, under the name of “tripe 
de roche,” are used for food by the Canadian hunters when famishing. 
1. U. polyphylla, Schrader. Thallus naked and smooth on both sur- 
faces, dark olive-brown, shining ; beneath dark black ; margin lobed, simple 
or many-leaved. Apothecia convex, rough and plaited.- — Nyland. Lich. 
Scand. 119. 
Middle Island : gneiss rocks, Ctago, Lindsay. I have seen no specimen. (Europe, 
Asia, America.) 
21. PSOROMA, Tries. 
Thallus scaly, cellular, granules large, distinct, enclosed in a cellular enve- 
lope. Apothecia usually scattered ; border crenate ; paraphyses separate ; 
spores 8, large, simple. Spermagonia with arthrostigmata. 
A considerable temperate genus. 
1. P. subpruinosum, Nyland. Thallus broad, leafy, lobed, appressed ; 
border free, sinuate, subcrested with granular scales, above reddish-green, 
woolly on the margins, subsilky beneath. Apothecia with a chesnut-brown 
disk and subfoliaceous crenulate margin, granular and corrugated beneath. — 
P. rubiginosa, var. araneosa , Bab. in FI. N. Z. ii. 289. 
Northern and Middle Islands: on mosses, wood, and rocks, Colenso , J. I). H. ; 
Otago, Lindsay. 
2. P. hypnorum, Fries. Thallus spreading, of small greenish- or 
yellow-brown scales, which are rounded, crenulate, and often granular on the 
margin. Apothecia red or brown, flat, with a thin inflexed lobed or crenate 
border. — Nyland. Lich. Scand. 121. 
Var. coralloideum, Nyland. Enum. 109. 
Northern Island, Colenso. Campbell’s Island, J. D. H., var. corallinum. ( L . 
hypnorum is cosmopolite, the var. coralloideum is only known from New Zealand.) 
3. P. sphinctrinum, Nyland. — Parmelia rubiginosa, /3, Bab. in FI. N. 
Z. ii. 289.' Thallus stellately laciniate, dull red-brown ; laciniae sublinear, 
