Squumaria .] 
VII. LICHENES. 
577 
Thallus orbicular, dirty white, adnate, radiated, lobed and laciniate, crenulate, 
smooth with large brown central radiated fleshy warts. Apothecia concave, 
rose-coloured, with, a thick elevated- entire border. — Nyland. Lich. Scand. 134. 
L. macrophthalma and L. marmorea, Tayl. 
Northern and Middle Islands : on rocks, etc., Colenso, etc. ; Otago, Lindsay. 
(Europe, America.) 
Dr. Lindsay enumerates S. galactina, Ach., var. dispersa amongst his Otago Lichens, also 
a Placopsis perrugosa , Nyland. u. sp. 
26. PLACODIUM, De Candolle. 
Thallus radiating, rarely laciniate. Apothecia with a thalline border, rarely 
without one ; paraphyses separate ; spores 8, ellipsoid, 2-locular, rarely 
simple. Spermagonia immersed, orifice coloured ; spermatia shortly cylindric, 
slender, attached to arthrosterigmas. 
A considerable genus in temperate and cold climates. The New Zealand species are all 
orange-yellow. 
1. P. fulgens, DC. — Parmelia, Ach. ; — Bab. in FI. N. Z. ii. 291. 
Thallus orbicular, lemon-coloured, white when dry, adnate, lobed, waved ; 
lobes somewhat imbricate, crenate and lobulate. Apothecia deep orange, at 
length convex, the border becoming obliterated. — Nyland. Lich. Scand. 137. 
Northern Island, Colenso. (Europe.) 
2. P. elegans, DC. — Parmelia , Ach.; — Bab. in FI. N. Z. ii. 291. 
Thallus orbicular, hard, deep orange, adnate, plaited or rugged ; lobes linear, 
compound, convex, wavy. Apothecia central, concave, same colour as the 
crust ; border somewhat indexed, entire. — Nyland. Lich. Scand. 136. ? Par- 
melia aurea, A. Rich. ; FI. N. Z. 23. t. 8. f. 1. 
Northern Island : on pebbles, etc., Colenso. (Temperate arctic and antarctic regions.) 
— I fiud no allusion to P. aurea, A. Rich., in Nylander’s works, and do not know the 
species ; from the description it chiefly differs from P. elegans in the yellow colour being 
broken up into patches. 
3. P. murorum, DC. Thallus orbicular, bright yellow, adnate, cracked, 
plaited and lobed ; segments linear. Apothecia central, crowded, sessile, 
flattish, orange-yellow; border slightly waved. — Nyland. Lich. Scand. 136. 
Var. miniatum. Thallus a brighter and deeper orange-red. 
Middle Island: Otago, Lindsay, ou trap rocks, both states. (Cosmopolitan.) 
27. LECANOEA, Nylander. 
Thallus crustaceous, granular or smooth or leprous, rarely radiating. 
Apothecia with a thalline border ; paraphyses separate ; spores 8 or more, 
rarely septate. Spermagonia with arthrosterigmata, or with very long curved 
acicular spermatia, or with straight simple sterigmata. 
* Apothecia orange or yellow , reddish in L. ferrugiuea. 
1. L. cerina, Ach. — Parmelia rupestris, DC. ; — Bab. in FI. N. Z. ii. 
293. Thallus greyish-white, somewhat granulated, unequal, thin. Apothecia 
scattered, elevated, flat, at length convex, yellow, warted ; border indexed, 
somewhat pruinose. — Nyland. Lich. Scand. 144. 
Northern Island, Colenso Bay of Islands, ./. D. H. (Europe, Africa, America.) 
