592 
VII. LICHENES. 
[: Trypethdium . 
faintly indicated, yellowish-green, somewhat shining and wavy. Apotliecia 
several together, in convex brown tubercles, with a slightly depressed pore ; 
spores oblong. — Nylarnl. Exp. Synops. Pyren. 78. 
Var. j8. obscurius, Bab. 1. c. Thallus white, subpapillose, evanescent ; thallus brownish 
within. 
Northern Island: var. /8, on old bark, Colenso. (Var. a, tropical America and Africa.) 
43. ENDOCARPON, Hedwig. 
Thallus peltate or scaly or areolate. Apothecia pale, rarely brown, closed, 
with a punctiform orifice ; paraphyses 0 ; spores 8, simple, colourless, elliptic- 
oblong. Spermagonia with arthrosterigmata. 
A considerable genus, found on stones and rocks in all latitudes. 
1. E. hepaticum, Ach. — E.pusillum, Hedw. ; — Bab. inFl.N.Z. ii. 306. 
Thallus of red-brown, subcartilaginous, adnate, simple, grey-brown scales ; 
margin blackish, fibrillose. Apothecia with brownish-black protruded tips. — 
Nyland. Lich. Scand. 265. 
Northern Island : on the ground, Colenso. (Cosmopolite.) 
2. E. fluviatile, Be Cand. ; — Bab. in FI. N. Z. ii. 306. Thallus peltate, 
lurid-brown, broadly expanded, polyphyllous, blackish below. — Nyland. Lich. 
Scand. 265. 
Northern Island, Colenso. (Europe.) 
44. VERRUCARIA, Persoon. 
Thallus scaly, areolate, continuous, powdery, or beneath the bark or obsolete. 
Apothecia black or pale, closed, with a punctiform orifice ; spores various. 
Spermagonia with simple sterigmata. 
A very large, chiefly temperate genus of minute Lichens, found on rocks, stones, earth, 
bark, etc. 
Series 1. Species found on stone. 
1. V. rupestris, Schrad. — V. immersa, Pers., and V. muralis?, Ach. ; 
— Bab. in FI. N. Z. ii. 307. Crust indeterminate, thin or evanescent, whitish, 
smooth. Apothecia small, black, globose, sunk in a hollow of the crust and 
of the stone; upper part pale, sunken part black; spores ellipsoid. — Nyland. 
Lich. Scand. 275. 
Northern Island : on calcareous and sandstone rocks. Identification doubtful. (Cos- 
mopolite.) 
2. V. umbrina, Wahl. ; — Bab. in FI. N. Z. ii. 307. Thallus brown or 
blackish, thin, opaque, smooth or unequally granular, cracked or areolate, 
often widely extended. Apothecia immersed in mamillary tubercles of the 
thallus, pale, of the same colour as the thallus ; spores murally divided. — 
Nyland. Lich. Scand. 269. 
Northern Island : on pebbles, Colenso ; in a bad state. (Cosmopolite.) 
3. V. rnaura, Wald.; — Bab. in FI. N. Z. ii. 307. Thallus thin, continu- 
