596 
VIII. FUNGI. 
‘ Introduction to Cryptogamic Botany ’ and ‘ Outlines of British Fungi,’ and Fries’s l Epi- 
crisis.’ A good compound microscope is essential, as also some skill as a dissector and 
draughtsman, to make any progress. 
SYNOPSIS OR KEY TO THE SUBORDERS, TRIBES, AND GENERA. 
Suborder I. Hymenomycetes. — Hymenium exposed, consisting of 
closely packed cells, of which the fertile (sporophores) bear naked, usually 
4-nate spores on distinct spicules. 
Tribe 1. Agaricini. Hymenium on the under surface of a pileus, spread over the 
surface of radiating flat gills. (. Mushrooms , toadstools, etc.) 
The most highly organized Fungi, of very various form and consistence, usually of con- 
siderable size and definite shape ; but presenting every variation from the symmetrical mush- 
room and woody Polyporus, to the incoherent shapeless gelatinous mass of Tremella. 
a. Pileus fleshy ; gills soft, brittle. 
1. Agaricus. Gills membranous, persistent. 
2. Coprinus. Gills membranous, deliquescent. 
/8. Pileus fleshy ; gills coriaceous. 
3. Hygrophorus. Hymenium waxy. 
4. Marasmius. Hymenium dry, extending over gills and their interstices. 
5. Lentinus. Gills toothed or lacerate. 
6. Scleroma. Gills entire ; trama indistinct. 
7. Panus. Gills unequal, entire ; trama distinct, fibrous. 
7. Pileus hard or tough. 
8. Schizophyllum. Gills splitting longitudinally. 
9. Lenzites. Gills anastomosing behind. 
Tribe II. Polyporei. Hymenium on the under surface of a pileus, lining the cavity of 
tubes or pores, which are sometimes broken up into teeth or concentric plates. 
10. Polyporus. Pores minute at first. Contiguous walls separable. 
11. D.®dalea. Pores labyrinthiform. 
12. Favolus. Pores large at first. Contiguous walls inseparable. 
Tribe III. Hydnei. Hymenium on the under surface of the pileus, spread over the 
surface of spines or papillce, not lining pores or tubes. 
13. Hydnum. Spines more or less conical, short or elongated. 
14. Irpex. Spines flat, more or less divided, connected at the base. 
Tribe IV. Auricularini. Hymenium on the under surface of the pileus, which is, 
however, often resupinate, at first even or rarely veined and commonly remaining so, or 
forming obscure folds or granulations, not prickly or tubular. 
15. Thelephora. Pileus coriaceous, of matted fibres, without cuticle. 
16. Stereum. Pileus coriaceous, with an adherent cuticle. 
17. Corticium. Pileus fleshy, swollen when moist. 
18. Cyphella. Pileus submembranous, cup-shaped. 
19. Guepinia. Pileus gelatinous, swelling when moist. 
Tribe V. Clavariei. Erect Fungi, usually terete or clavate. Hymenium vertical, 
scarcely distinct from the hymenophorum, extending over the apex of the plant, even, 
or at length wrinkled. 
20. Clavaria. Substance fleshy. 
21. Pistillaria. Substance waxy, finally hoary ; cellular internally. 
