212 
ORCHARD ORIOLE. 
and the distance of Europeans from the country they inhabit. 
Catesby, it is true, while in Carolina, described and figured the 
Baltimore, and perhaps was the first who published figures of 
either species; but he entirely omitted saying any thing of the 
female; and instead of the male and female of the present spe- 
cies, as he thought, he has only figured the male in two of his 
different dresses; and succeeding compilers have followed and 
repeated the same error. Another cause may be assigned, viz. 
the extreme shyness of the female Orchard Oriole, represented 
at fig. 1. This bird has hitherto escaped the notice of European 
naturalists, or has been mistaken for another species, or perhaps 
for a young bird of the first season, which it almost exactly re- 
sembles. In none of the numerous works on ornithology has it 
ever before appeared in its proper character; though the male 
has been known to Europeans for more than a century, and has 
usually been figured in one of his dresses as male, and in another 
as female; these varying according to the fluctuating opinions 
of different writers. It is amusing to see how gentlemen have 
groped in the dark in pairing these two species of Orioles, of 
which the following examples may be given: 
Buffbn’s and Latham’s 1 
Baltimore Oriole. J 
Spurious Baltimore of) 
Ditto. j 
Pennant’s Baltimore 0. j- 
Spurious 0. of Ditto. 
Catesby’s Baltimore 0. j. 
Spurious B. of Ditto, j. 
Male — Male Baltimore. 
Female — Male Orchard Oriole, fig. 4. 
Male — Female Baltimore 
Female — Male Orchard Oriole, fig. 2. 
Male — Male Baltimore. 
Female — Young Male Baltimore. 
Male — Male Orchard 0. fig. 4. 
Female — Ditto, ditto, fig. 2. 
Male — Male Baltimore. 
Female — Not mentioned. 
Male — Male Orchard 0. fig. 2. 
Female — Ditto, ditto, fig. 4. 
Among all these authors, Catesby is doubtless the most inex- 
cusable, having lived for several years in America, where he 
had an opportunity of being more correct; yet when it is con- 
sidered, that the female of this bird is so much shyer than the 
