GOOSANDER. 267 
mites. These circumstances have induced some late Ornitholo- 
gists to consider them as two different species, the young, or fe- 
male, having been called the Dun Diver. By this arrangement 
they have entirely deprived the Goosander of his female; for 
in the whole of my examinations and dissections of the present 
species, I have never yet found the female in AeVdress. What I 
consider as undoubtedly the true female of this species is figured 
beside him. They were both shot in the month of April, in 
the same creek, unaccompanied by any other, and on examina- 
tion the sexual parts of each were strongly and prominently 
marked. The windpipe of the female had nothing remarkable 
in it; that of the male had two very large expansions, which 
have been briefly described by Willoughby, who says; ‘‘It hath 
a large bony labyrinth on the windpipe, just above the divari- 
cations; and the windpipe hath besides two swellings out, one 
above another, each resembling a powder puff. ” These laby- 
rinths are the distinguishing characters of the males; and are 
always found even in young males who have not yet thrown 
off the plumage of the female, as well as in the old ones. If we 
admit these Dun divers to be a distinct species, we can find no 
difference between their pretended females and those of the 
Goosander, only one kind of female of this sort being known, 
and this is contrary to the usual analogy of the other three spe- 
cies, viz. the Red breasted Merganser, the Hooded and the 
Smew, all of whose females are well known, and bear the same 
comparative resemblance in colour to their respective males, the 
length of crest excepted, as the female Goosander we have fi- 
gured bears to him. 
Having thought thus much necessary on this disputed point, 
I leave each to form his own opinion on the facts and reasoning 
produced, and proceed to describe the female. 
