REIN DEER. 183 
JiKve already mentioned the pain it feels from the 
gruif, and the apprehensions it is under from the 
gadfly. Its hide is often found pierced in a hun- 
dred places-, like a sieve, from this insect, and 
not a few die in their third year from this very 
cause. Their teats also are subject to cracking, 
00 that blood comes instead of nulk. They some- 
times take a loathing for their food ; and, instead 
of eating, stand still and chew the cud. They 
are also troubled with a vertigo, like the elk, and 
turn round often till they die. The Laplander 
judges of their state by the manner of their turn- 
ing. If they turn to the right he judges their 
disorder but slight ; if they turn to the left, lie 
deems it incurable. The rein-deer are also subject 
to ulcers near the hoof, which disqualifies them 
for travelling, or keeping with the herd. But 
the most fatal disorder of all is that which the 
natives call the suddataka, which attacks this ani- 
mal at all seasons of the year. The instant it is 
seized with this disease, it begins to breathe with 
great difficulty ; its eyes begin to stare, and its 
nostrils to expand. It acquires also an unusual 
degree of ferocity, and attacks all it meets indis- 
criminately. Still, however, it continues to feed 
as if in health, but is not seen to chew the cud, 
and it lies down more frequently than before. In 
this manner it continues ; every day consuming 
and growing more lean, till at last it dies from 
mere inanition ; and not one of these that are 
attacked with this disorder are ever found to re- 
cover. 
Besides the internal maladies of this animal, 
there are some external enemies which it has to 
fear. The bears now and then make depredations 
upon the herd ; but of all their persecutors, the 
creature called the glutton is the most dangerous 
and the most successful* The war between these 
