OEDEE OF PACHYDEEMATA. 
137 
animal. In the palace of the Vatican, at Rome, on the bas- 
relief which forms the plinth of the ancient colossal statue of the 
Nile, is given pretty correctly the outline of the Hippopotamus. 
One sees other very exact representations in certain mosaics at 
Pompeii, and again on the medals of Adrian, which represent 
so frequently the banks of the Nile. 
The Hippopotamus has been seen only on very rare occasions 
at Rome. Scaurus, when edile, exhibited one. Augustus showed 
another during the fetes which were instituted in honour of his 
triumph over Cleopatra. The emperors, Commodus and Helio- 
gabalus also caused a few of these animals to be brought there. 
But none appeared in Europe in the middle ages, and it is only 
within the last few years that the Jardin des Plantes, at Paris, 
and the Regent’s Park Gardens, at London, has been able to pro- 
cure living specimens of this Pachyderm. 
j Rhinocerotidce, Rhinoceroses. — Remarkable for their great size 
and for their strength, the Rhinoceroses ought, for this double 
reason, to rank immediately after the Elephant. Their most 
prominent feature — we do not mean a joke — which is unique in 
the Mammalia, is that that they have on their nose one or two 
horns, filled up and solid. Hence the name, which is derived 
from two Greek words (/ oiv, nose, and /cepae, horn). 
Rhinoceroses were much more numerous in remote eras than 
they are at present. There have existed numerous different 
species, several of them living in temperate and even in cold 
climates — as France, Germany, and Russia. These animals are 
no longer found, except in the hottest portions of the Old 
World. 
Aristotle says nothing of the Rhinoceros ; but Athenseus, Pliny, 
and Strabo mention it in their works. The first Rhinoceros men- 
tioned in history figured in a fete given in Egypt by the King 
Ptolemy Philadelphus. Later, Pompey, Augustus, the emperors 
Antoninus and Heliogabalus, brought some into Europe, and made 
them fight in the Coliseum, at Rome, sometimes with the Hippo- 
potamus, sometimes with the Elephant. We must then pass on to 
the sixteenth century to find in European history any new men- 
tion of these animals. In 1513, Emmanuel, the King of Portugal, 
received from India a one-horned Rhinoceros. Albert Hurer made 
an engraving of it on wood, which was for a long time copied and 
