190 
MAMMALIA. 
short, their outward appearance generally, without noticing the 
different breeds, which must soon occupy our attention. But 
before we enter upon the study of the various equine races, it is 
necessary to give a short explanation as to the way in which the 
bit regulates the paces of the Horse. By this we are led to speak of 
the construction of the mouth, a knowledge of which is most useful. 
The Horse either walks, trots, gallops, or ambles. 
The paces of the Horse are essentially modified by means both 
of the bit and spur. The spur excites a quickness of movement ; 
the hit communicates to this movement a due amount of precision. 
The mouth of the Horse is so sensitive that the least movement or 
the slightest impression which it receives warns and regulates 
the motion of the animal. But to preserve the full delicacy of 
this organ, it is highly necessary to treat tenderly its extreme 
sensibility. 
The position of the teeth in the jaw of the Horse affords to Man 
the facility which exists of placing a hit in its mouth, by which 
instrument this high-spirited and vigorous animal is broken in and 
guided. Let us, therefore, in the first place, study the arrange- 
ment of its mouth. 
There are in each jaw six incisors, or fore-teeth, followed on 
either side by a tush, which is generally deficient in mares, espe- 
cially in the lower jaw. Hext comes a series of six grinders on 
Fig. 47. — Dentition of the Adult Horse. 
a Incisors.— & Tushes or Canines .— c Interval called the bar.— d Molars. 
each side in both jaws ; these teeth have a square crown, marked 
with four crescents, formed by the lamince of enamel which are 
embedded on them. Between the tushes and the grinders there is 
a considerable space called the bar, which corresponds to the angle 
of the lips ; and it is in this interval that the hit is placed. 
