196 
MAMMALIA. 
whip, and spur, in the hands of an adult, were useless to force 
them into subjection. 
By the suitability of its motive powers, the Horse is adapted to 
two different uses : firstly the saddle , when it carries a rider, 
either as a means of travelling, or for purposes of war, pleasure, or 
salutary exercise; secondly, for draught, when it draws burdens 
of various kinds. Again, there are distinctions between the 
Carriage-horse, the Heavy Draught-horse, and the Light Draught- 
horse. 
The Saddle-horse must possess elegance and activity in all its 
movements. It must pay immediate obedience to the will of its 
rider, communicated to it by means of the reins. 
The Carriage-horse, used in the vehicles of the rich, either alone 
or in a pair, should combine size, strength, and elegance. It is, 
therefore, in fact, nothing but a larger saddle-horse endowed with 
a more considerable bulk in all its parts. 
The Draught-horse is deficient in features of nobility and dis- 
tinction that characterise the previous mentioned. Its shape is 
more massive, and a little clumsy ; the neck is shorter and thicker, 
while the coat is composed of rougher hair. 
If we take an animal of average size and weight, with easy 
paces, combined with energy of temperament, that is able to 
continue a trot while drawing a heavy burden, we have the type 
of a Light Draught-horse. This is the stamp of animal used for 
posting, coach- work, and artillery. 
The Heavy Draught-horse is endowed with immense muscular 
development. Its back is wide and short, so as to resist the 
violent shocks to which it may be subject. Its chest is deep and 
voluminous, and its limbs and joints are in proportion to the size 
of the body. 
Having considered the four types which are adapted by their 
conformation for special economic functions, we will now glance 
at the various races of the Horse family. 
Following M. Sanson, author of an excellent work on the 
Applications de la Zootechnie, we shall divide them into two great 
classes, that of Thorough-bred or Blood Horses, and those of ordi- 
nary or common Horses. 
Honour to whom honour is due ; we will therefore commence 
our account of the former class by speaking of the Arabian Horse. 
