200 
MAMMALIA. 
Arabian,” Lord Grodolphin admitted into bis stud tbe celebrated 
“ Grodolpbin Arabian,” a stallion, which was purchased for a very 
small sum in Paris, where it was drawing a water-cart. Eugene 
Sue, in one of bis romances, has related tbe pathetic story of its 
life. “Lath,” one of its progeny, was tbe most distinguished 
Horse of bis day. 
Tbe English Pace-horse (Fig. 55), then, possesses but certain 
minor peculiarities, by means of wbicb it may be distinguished 
from its oriental type. First, it is taller, and tbe lines of its body 
are more elongated and rounded. Tbe exercises of tbe race-course 
have lengthened its thigh, raised its croup, and communicated to 
these parts a special shape. Its frame is throughout more lengthy 
than that of the Arabian, and bay and chestnut, with their diverse 
shades, have become its prevailing colours. 
The special qualities of this English Horse are the result of the 
combined action of climate, education, and use. 
But the sport of racing dates back to a time far anterior to the 
introduction of any Arabian stallions ; for an English author of the 
twelfth century speaks of Horse-races which were established, in 
his time, in Smithfield. Again, we read of their frequent occur- 
rence in the reign of Charles I., and the promulgation of regula- 
tions for their guidance in the last year of the reign of James I. 
Since that time they have always been kept up in England. 
Much of course is due, even among the most celebrated families 
of English Pace-horses, to the mode of education, or more properly 
speaking, training, to which the animals are subjected, in order to 
prepare them for their career. The qualities of lightness and 
speed have been obtained unquestionably, but it is to be feared, 
however, at the expense of strength and endurance. We must 
also add that, in many cases, a race cannot be won without a cruel 
urging of the steed on the part of the jockey — a class which, now- 
adays, have assumed an important position in a contest in which 
the Horse once solely took a part.* As a proof of the exertion a 
racer will make to be victorious, we will quote the following 
anecdote from a well-known authority: — 
“ ‘ Forester/ ” says William Youatt, “ had already won several 
hardly-contested races ; but on an unlucky day he entered the 
list with ‘Elephant/ a most extraordinary Horse, belonging to 
* In Italy it is still the custom to race Horses without jockeys. 
