278 
MAMMALIA. 
liave bred in France. The frequenters of the Jardin des Plantes, 
in Paris, must he perfectly acquainted with it. For the sake of 
their long silky hair, hopes are entertained of acclimatising 
them. 
The Jungle Ox, or Jungly- Gau (Bos sylhetanus, F. Cuvier), 
very strongly resembles the Common Ox ; but its horns are 
flattened from front to back, and tend outwards and upwards. 
Its colour is generally blackish, with four white legs. These 
Oxen are reared in a domestic state in the mountainous countries 
of the north-east of India. 
The Common Buffalo ( Bos bubalus , Briss.) appears to be a 
native of the warm and damp parts of India and the neigh- 
bouring isles, from whence it has spread into Persia, Arabia, 
the south of Africa, Greece, and Italy. It is nearly the same 
size as an Ox. Its bulging forehead, which is longer than it is 
wide, bears two black horns, turned outwards, and marked in 
front by a longitudinal and prominent ridge. Its coat is coarse 
and scant, except on its throat and cheeks, and it has a very 
small dew-lap. It lives in numerous herds in marshy and low 
plains, where it delights in wallowing. It is of a wild and 
ixntractable disposition, particularly towards strangers ; and, in 
order to make use even of those which are the tamest, the more 
perfectly to control them, a ring of iron is passed through their 
nostrils. Their flesh is indifferent, but their milk is good. In the 
cultivation of rice — that cereal particularly requiring moist land 
- — their services are most valuable, for their power of draught, even 
when immersed to the knees in mud, far exceeds all other animals 
in a similar situation. In the Campagna of Pome the Buffalo is 
employed in agricultural labour, as may be seen in the cele- 
brated picture of “ The Reapers,” by Leopold Robert. 
In the Crimea they are also utilised ; those who served with the 1 
allied army before Sebastopol will remember them. 
The introduction of the Buffalo into Greece and Italy only 
dates from the Middle Ages. Their skin is excellent for making 
armour to guard against cutting weapons. 
The Arna, or Wild Buffalo, must be considered as a variety of 
this species. Its horns are very large, about five feet long, 
wrinkled on their concave side, and flat in front. It is princi- 
pally found in Hindostan. 
