402 
MAMMALIA. 
but it was replaced in 1797 by an ordinance which directed that 
every three months there should be battues for the destruction of 
Wolves, Foxes, and other obnoxious animals, when it was decided 
that a bounty of fifty francs should be paid for the head of every 
full-grown Wolf, and twenty francs for that of a young one. 
This ordinance is still in force. The battues are ordered by the 
Prefet, on the requisition of the forest agents. The Mayors 
of each commune name the inhabitants who are to take part 
in them; and a fine of from sixteen to one hundred francs is 
imposed upon those who refuse to share in these measures for 
public safety. 
In 1818 the amount of bounty was lowered to fifteen francs 
for a female Wolf not in young, twelve francs for a male Wolf, i 
and six francs for a whelp. 
According to M. d’Houdetot, an authentic hunting authority, ; 
there are 1,200 Wolves annually destroyed in France, divided as 
follows : Mature male Wolves, 300 ; female Wolves, 200 ; whelps, j 
700. 
Wolves are not hunted with hounds that run by scent, for : 
it would only be possible to overtake them with Greyhounds, j 
as they are endowed with great speed and endurance. The j! 
method generally adopted for their destruction is to post the 1 
hunters around the covers which a Wolf frequents. These j[ 
measures being taken, the grizzly marauder is started by Blood- ! 
hounds, specially trained for the purpose. The Wolf dashes j 
past the sportsmen, either successfully running the gauntlet or 
getting shot. 
For the destruction of this animal every measure is permissible ; 
snares, spring-traps, pit-falls, and even poison are justifiable, — 
methods which would be reckoned unworthy of a sportsman if 
employed against a Stag, Roebuck, or Hare. 
Although the Dog and Wolf manifest towards each other deep 
and instinctive hatred, progeny resulting from a cross of the two 
animals has been obtained. 
The coupling of the Dog with the she Wolf is more rare than 
that of the Wolf with the bitch; although there are instances 1 
of the former.* 
Buffon has stated that the Wolf is not capable of affection, 
* On this point the best authorities disagree with the Author. — E d. 
