539 
•ORDER 0 E aUADRUMANA. 
allow it to retain rank among those classed in the order of Quad- 
rumana. 
Therefore the Quadrumana are Mammalia provided with four 
limbs, digits with nails, disposed for climbing, and which may 
serve for walking, having nearly always the thumb of the posterior 
members, and often that of the anterior members, opposable to the 
other digits. Most frequently they have two pectoral mammae. 
Their teeth are variable in number, but are almost constantly 
of three kinds — incisors, canines, and molars, adapted for her- 
bivorous, and sometimes for insectivorous, regime. The body is 
everywhere covered with hair, except on the face (this exception, 
however, is not found in the Galeopithecidae or the Makis). 
Their brain, with regard to organisation and volume, has great 
analogy to that of man : it has three lobes on each side, the 
posterior covering the cerebellum, and it presents, in the higher 
species, numerous convolutions. 
The Quadrumana inhabit all the inter- tropical zone of the two 
Continents ; they are found in Africa, America, Asia, and the 
Malay Islands. A single species, belonging to the genus Ma- 
cacus, actually inhabits Europe ; it is to be found on the rock of 
Gibraltar. 
As a general rule, the Quadrumana keep to well- wooded and 
slightly elevated regions, though they are also met with on several 
chains of mountains, such as the Cordilleras of Hew Grenada, the 
Himalaya and Atlas mountains, and Table-Mountain, at the Cape 
of Good Hope. 
With the exception of some savage races, who add the flesh of 
the Quadrumana to their list of articles of food, Man derives but 
little utility from them. 
The order of Quadrumana comprises five families : the Galeo- 
pithecidse, the Cheiromys, the Makis, the Ouistitis, and the 
Monkeys. 
Family of Galeopithecidae. — This family only reckons a 
single genus, the Colugo or Galeopithecus, which again contains 
but a small number of species. 
The Galeopithecus (Fig. 234) was for a long time ranged among 
the Cheiroptera, which we have already studied. It is one of 
those transition animals that we so frequently find when studying 
