SPECIES 3. ALAUDA RUFA.^ 
BROWN LARK. 
[Plate XLII. — Fig. 4.] 
lied Lark, Edw. 297. — Arct. Zool. J^o. 279. — Latham, ii, 376. 
— L’Alouette aux joues brums de Pensylvanie, Buff, v, 58. — 
Peai.e’s Museum, JV*o. 5138. 
In what particular district of the northern regions this bird 
breeds, I am unable to say. In Pennsylvania it first arrives from 
the north about the middle of October; flies in loose scattered 
flocks; is strongly attached to flat, newly-ploughed fields, com- 
mons, and such like situations; has a feeble note characteristic 
of its tribe; runs rapidly along the ground; and when the flock 
takes to wing they fly high, and generally to a considerable dis- 
tance before they alight. Many of them continue in the neigh- 
* Tills bird is common to Europe and America, and as many nominal spe- 
cies have been made of it we quote the following synonymes from Prince Mu- 
signano’s observations in the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of 
Pliiladelphia vol. iv, p. 182 — 3. 
Synonymes of the Amei’ican specimens: — Mauda ruhra, Gmel. Lath. — 
Alauda ludoviciana, Gmel. Lath. — Alauda pensylvanica, Briss. — Farlouzanne, 
Buff. Ois. — Alouette aux joues brunes de Pensylvanie, Buff. Ois, — Lark from 
Pennsylvania, Edw. Glean, pi. 297. — Red -Lark, Penn. Brit, and Arct. Zool. 
T.ath. Syn. — Louisiana Lark, Lath. Syn. 
Synonymes of the European specimens: — Anlhus aguaticus, Bechst. Meyer. 
ViEitL. nouv. diet. Temm. — Alauda spinoletta, Linn. (Ought not this specific 
name to be restored?) — Alauda campestris spinoletta, Gmel. Lath. — Alauda 
obscura. Gmei. Lath, (young). — Alauda petrosa, Montagu, Trans, Linn. Soc. 
Land, (young). — Anthusrupestris, Nilsson, Orn. Suec. — Alouette pipi. (by error) 
Buff. PI. Enl. 661. /• 2 — Meadow Lark var. A. Lath. Sijn. — Dusky Lark, Lath. 
Syn. (young). — Anthus montanus, Koch. Bayerische Zool. — The latter nominal 
species, as Temminck observes, was formed of an adult male, as it appears 
during the few days of breeding, when they have a roseate tint on the neck, 
breast, upper part of the belly and flanks. 
VOL. II. — R r 
