160 
MR. MARSHALL ON THE DEVELOPMENT 
resembles that observed in the Elephant, in many of the Rodentia, the Marsupials 
and some other Mammalia. 
In these cases the ordinary right superior cava is smaller than usual, being assisted 
by the additional vein on the left side. This left upper cava, generally smaller than 
the right one, invariably descends over the aortic arch, and afterwards in front of the 
root of the left lung, beneath which it turns backwards and then runs along the base 
of the heart to reach the right auricle. 
Nearly thirty examples of this condition are on record, and to that list I am 
enabled to add two more cases, which will be here described. For convenience of 
reference they may be tabulated in the following form. 
Tabular View of Examples of Double Vena Cava Superior in the Human Subject. 
Num- 
ber in 
succeed- 
iiig ac- 
count. 
Name of 
observer. 
Date. 
Sex and age. 
Simple, or witb 
other malformations. 
Transverse branch 
present or not. 
Azygos veins. 
Figured 
or not. 
Remarks. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6 . 
7. 
8 . 
9. 
10 . 
11 . 
12 . 
13. { 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18, 19. 
20 . 
21 . 
22-24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 
Bartholine ... 
St. Thomas’s 
Boehmer 
and Theune 
Haller 
Murray 
Ring 
Lemaire 
Niemeyer ... 
Meckel 
Meckel 
Meckel 
Meckel 
Bedard 
Bock and 
Cerutti ... 
Hesselbach . . 
Weese 
VVeese 
VA'eese 
Wirtensohn.. 
Wehrde 
Breschet ... 
Breschet ... 
Otto 
Otto 
Otto 
Houston 
Sharpey 
Author 
Author 
1641. 
1763. 
1739-1762. 
1781. 
1805. 
1808. 
1814. 
1816. 
1816. 
1818. 
1820. 
1816. 
1819. 
1819. 
1819. 
1825. 
1826. 
1827. 
1827. 
1830. 
1830. 
1830. 
1831. 
1844. 
1849. 
1849. 
Adult 
Male, 11 years... 
Foetus 
Female, 60 years. 
Female, 1 year... 
Female, 30 years. 
Foetus 
Foetus 
Foetus 
Foetus 
j 
Adult 
Double monster 
A cross branch ? 
None 
None 
None 
Auricles not divided.. 
Auricles communicating 
Much deformed 
Monstrous 
Monstrous 
Monstrous 
None (?) 
None (?) 
Adult 
Adult 
Foetus 
Foetus 
Foetus 
Foetus, double . . . 
Foetus 
Male adult 
Foetuses 
Foetus 
Foetus 
j 
Ectopia cordis. 
Ectopia cordis. 
Ectopia cordis. 
Monsters 
Monster 
None 
None 
Ectopia cordis. 
Malformed .... 
Malformed .... 
Adult 
Adult 
Male, 56 years 
Female, 5 years . 
Right. 
Right and left , 
Right 
Figured 
Figured 
Figured 
Figured 
Right and left (?) 
Figured 
Figured 
Right 
Figured 
Figured 
Malformed 
A cross branch 
A cross branch 
■> 
Right and left . . . 
Right and left... 
A doubtful case. 
Rather doubtful case. 
f Original descrip- 
\ tionnot referred to. 
Ditto. 
Rather doubtful case, 
/ Original account 
\ not referred to. 
Figured 
Figured 
Omitting Bartholine’s case as doubtful, the thirty one remaining examples may 
be thus distributed. Sixteen have occurred in foetuses more or less malformed; the 
age and condition of the subjects of two are uncertain ; and, in two others, though 
the individual had lived in one case for a year, and in the other for five years, there 
was some accompanying defect in the heart ; so that, including Lemaire’s case, not 
more than eleven examples of additional superior cava have yet been observed in the 
adult, uncomplicated by other deviations from the ordinary condition of the heart. 
