PROFESSOR GRAHAM ON THE DIFFUSION OF LIQUIDS. 
835 
and soda, in the times chosen, is observed equally in all the proportions of salt from 
1 to 8 per cent. 
The results for the three bicarbonates may be stated as follows, the dilFusate of the 
2 per cent, solution of bicarbonate of potash being made equal to 200 , as a standard 
of comparison. 
Diffusion of Bicarbonates of Potash and Ammonia in 8*08 days, at 68 °' 2 , and of 
Bicarbonate of Soda in 9'875 days, at 68 °* 1 : 
Bicarbonate 
of potash. 
Bicarbonate 
of ammonia. 
Bicarbonate 
of soda. 
From 1 per cent, solution 
102-9 
200-0 
380-6 
740-8 
98-3 
194-3 
384-3 
712-6 
104-0 
196-4 
380-0 
748-3 
From 2 per cent, solution 
From 4 per cent, solution 
From 8 per cent, solution 
Or, making the diffusate from each proportion of the bicarbonate of potash equal 
to 100 : — 
Biearbonate 
of potash. 
Bicarbonate 
of ammonia. 
Bicarbonate 
of soda. 
From 1 per cent, solution 
100 
95-53 
101-07 
From 2 per cent, solution 
100 
97-15 
98-20 
From 4 per cent, solution 
100 
100-97 
99-84 
From 8 per cent, solution 
100 
96-19 
101-03 
The bicarbonate of ammonia is slightly lower in general than the bicarbonate of 
potash, possibly from a small loss of the former salt by evaporation in the different 
operations. The times chosen for these two bicarbonates is to that of the bicarbonate 
of soda, as the square root of 2 to the square root of 3, and the remarkable agreement 
observed in the diffusion of these salts gives support therefore to that relation. In 
alluding to this relation, however, it is proper to add that the carbonates of potash and 
soda deviate from it in a sensible degree, and the hydrates of potash and soda very 
considerably. If the relation therefore has a real foundation, it must be masked in 
the salts last named by differences existing between them in certain properties, the 
discovery and investigation of which is of the last importance for the theory of liquid 
diffusion. 
40. Hydrochlorate of Morphine. 
Time of diffusion 11‘43 days. The crystallized salt was assumed to be of the com- 
position C 34 H^gNOg . HCl+OHO, with the equivalent 374‘5. The quantity diffused 
was determined from the chlorine, which was precipitated as chloride of silver in an 
acid solution. Hydrochlorate of morphine, 1*88 per cent, of the salt supposed anhy- 
drous, diffused at 64°*1, in six cells, 11 ’03, 10-72, ITOl ; mean 10-92 grs. of the anhy- 
drous salt for two cells. Calculated for 2 per cent., 11 -60 grs. at 64°-l for two cells. 
5 o 2 
