OBSERVATIONS TAKEN IN INDIA. 
335 
Mahahuleshwur . — Range of Thermometer. 
The range of the thermometer in fifteen years was 47° Fahr., from 92° in April to 
45 ° in January, but it will be seen that the thermometer exposed to radiation at night 
had been as low as 27°-5, and in every month of the year, excepting the four mon- 
soon months, verged upon the freezing-point ; the maximum heat in the sun was 
110 ° in April and May, at 9 a.m., but at midday it had risen to 127 °. The extreme 
daily range never exceeded 23°'8, and the maxim-um monthly range was 38° Fahr. 
The record of the night thermometer at Mahahuleshwur giving instances of the tem- 
perature in five months of the year sinking below the freezing-point, although it is 
not described as being placed on the grass or ground, atfords an explanation of an 
otherwise puzzling record in the Dodabetta observations, namely, ^‘on the 15th, 16th, 
17 th and 22nd of November 1847, found ice around the office ” (at sunrise ?), although 
there is not any record of the thermometer below 45°'2 on the 16th at Dodabetta, and 
in the hourly observations of the 22nd the thermometer only once sank to 48°’6 at 1 1 
o’clock at night ; the extreme cold, therefore, must have been caused by radiation 
and evaporation*. An old officer, who had often resided at Mahahuleshwur, tells me 
that he has frequently witnessed hoar-frost on the ground at Mahahuleshwur, though 
he had never remarked the thermometer sinking below 45°. The highest temperature 
in the sun at Mahahuleshwur was 127° in March and May. 
Dodabetta. — Range of Thermometer. 
At Dodabetta the following are the maxima, minima and ranges : — 
Minimum 
temperature. 
Maximum 
temperature. 
Maximum 
daily range. 
Maximum 
monthly range. 
1847. 
0 
0 
0 
February 
41-2 
6l-0 
12*0 
19*8 
March 
43-5 
67-0 
15-5 
23-5 
April 
47-0 
66-5 
16-7 
19-5 
May 
46*0 
65-8 
13*3 
19-8 
June 
44-0 
60-0 
11-8 
16*0 
July 
44-3 
59-0 
13-9 
14-7 
August 
44-5 
59-1 
14-1 
14*6 
September 
41*8 
59-0 
10-6 
17*2 
October 
42-8 
58-8 
10-3 
16*0 
November 
42-9 
61-1 
13-1 
18-2 
December 
41-0 
60-4 
15-5 
19-4 
1848. 
January 
38*5 
62*8 
19-5 
24*3 
Year 
38-5 
67 
19-5 
28-5t 
Hence it is seen that the Dodabetta temperature, at 8642 feet, compared with that 
of Mahahuleshwur at 4500 feet, has a decidedly diminished daily, monthly and 
annual range. It so happens that the lowest but not the highest state of the thermo- 
* There is not any record of the radiation thermometer in November at Dodabetta, but in February it 
appears to have been twice below the freezing-point, 
t Annual range. 
