490 
PROFESSOR OWEN ON THE DENTITION OF PHACOCHCERUS, 
But had the preceding stage of dentition, which is represented in fig. 7, Plate XXXIV., 
presented itself to the observation of M. de Blainville, that acute observer would 
doubtless have seen that m 1, — the true homologue of the much-worn antepenulti- 
mate molar of the common Hog, — presented the same abraded condition. And the 
actual difference is as follows, viz. that, owing to its earlier development in the Pha- 
cochoerus, the true antepenultimate molar, m 1, is sooner worn out and shed ; whilst, 
from the very long period during which the last molar is adapted to perform the 
work of mastication, the penultimate molar, m2, undergoes the same exhaustive 
usage and premature expulsion. 
I have figured in parallel juxtaposition the molar series of a Phacochere and a Wild 
Boar, in plate 141 of my ^Odontography,’ to illustrate the corresponding extent of 
abrasion in the first or antepenultimate true molar (ml) at the period when the last 
true molar has come into place in the Wart-Hog, and when two of the premolar 
series are retained ; and I have indicated my conclusions as to the signification or 
homology of each of the teeth by the symbols, the aptness and exactitude of which 
all my later researches have convinced me of. With regard to the deciduous teeth of 
the Phacochere and other diphyodont mammals, I may remark that there is but 
one mode of determining and of distinguishing them from the premolars and true 
molars of the second dentition, in cases where some of the latter are obviously pre- 
sent, as in the young Phacochere with a grinding series of (see figs. 4 and 5) or 
5 5 
of (as in Plate XXXIII.) : that mode is to excavate the substance of the jaws 
above the fangs of the upper teeth and beneath those of the lower ones, as in the 
skull represented in Plate XXXIII., and in the lower jaw figured in my ^ Odonto- 
graphy,’ pi. 141, fig. 1*. The deciduous tooth is demonstrated by the formative 
etre modifi^e, et que dans cette dent il ne faUait voir que les deux demieres, et alors la terminale aurait son 
talon dans la proportion convenable. 
“ Ce qui milite encore en faveur de cette maniere dejVoir, c’est que la dent sur laquelle porte davantage 
I’usufe dans le sanglier, I’antepenultieme on cinquieme, a son analogue chez le sanglier d’Ethiopie dans la dent 
qui precede la dent complexe, et qui serait en effet I’antepenultieme, celle-ci representant la penultieme soudee 
a la demiere. — Loc. cit. p. 148. 
* “ Le systeme dentaire de cet animal a ete fort incompletement figure sans description par Everard Home 
(Lect. on Comp, Anatom, t. 11. pi. 38 et 39), M. G. Cuvier lui a consacreun court paragraphe (Ossem. Foss, 
t. 11. p. 132, sans figures), et M. Owen s’est borne a representer la couronne des molaires superieures du cote 
droit (Odontograpbie, pi. 140, fig. 31), mais personne n’en a soupconne la signification.” M. de Blainville 
had overlooked pi. 141, where that signification is given : but he adds in a supplementary note , — “ II releve, 
comme inexacte, I’assertion de M. Ruppell, que dans tons les individus des deux sexes, jeunes et adultes, il y a 
quatre molaires en haut et trois en bas ; et en eflFet il en decrit uue de plus, en reconnaissant que dans la pre- 
miere dentition il n’y en a que trois a la machoire et deux a la mandibule. Du reste M. R, Owen accepte la 
distinction specifique du S, ^liani et du S. Pallasii ; le premier pourvu et le second depourvu de dents incisives, 
mais sans autres differences vraiment specifiques.” If, however, the difference cited be of specific value, as M. db 
Blainville seems here to admit, others were not needed for accepting the conclusion. I may, however, add 
that the upper canines of the Phac. Pallasii have the groove on their upper surface narrower than in the Phac. 
JEliani, and that the premolars are relatively smaller. 
