80 
Psyche 
[June-September 
CONCERNING SOME ANT GYNANDROMORPHS 
By William Morton Wheeler 
I. Diner gatandromorphs 
In the twenty-sixth volume of Psyche (1919) I described 
and figured a peculiar gynandromorph of Camponotus 
( Colobopsis ) alhocinctus Ashmead from the Philippines 
and designated it as a “dinergatandromorph” because the 
left half of its head was that of a male. This individual, 
therefore, was unlike all previously described ant gynandro- 
morphs, which are combinations either of male and female 
or of male and worker components. The correctness of my 
interpretation was doubted by Santschi (1920) and Emery 
(1924). The latter conjectured that what I had taken to 
be the soldier half of the head was really a generalized 
female-worker component, but I gave reasons (1928) for 
adhering to my original interpretation. Additional con- 
siderations might be adduced, but this is no longer neces- 
sary, because Vandel (1931) has just published a very 
careful account of a dinergatandromorph of Pheidole 
pallidula, in which the union of soldier (right-sided) with 
male (left-sided) characters in the head is even more extra- 
ordinary than in my specimen of Camponotus alhocinctus . 
The more striking character of Vandel’s specimen is due, 
of course, to the much greater differentiation in the shape 
of the head of the normal soldier, worker and female castes 
of Pheidole. The body and right side of the head in the 
specimen are very clearly those of a soldier, and as in 
the Camponotus, there is no median ocellus, which should 
be present if that region of the head were female. The 
bearing of the two cases on the opposed blastogenic and 
trophogenic hypotheses of the origin of castes in ants, is 
obvious. The anomalies under discussion must have arisen 
