82 
Psyche 
[June-September 
a fossil ant from the Baltic amber. I reexamined and fig- 
ured this insect in 1914. It has a typically worker head 
and thorax and a normal male gaster with well-developed 
genitalia, but the eyes are large and the antennae are 13- 
jointed and therefore male. The specimen, therefore, re- 
sembles Santschi’s specimens of Cataglyphis even in having 
some male cephalic characters. 
(3) Lomnicki (1914) found in the same colony three 
very similar specimens of Myrmica rugulosa, with the 
anterior part of the body as far back as the gaster pre- 
dominantly female and the gaster male, but with poorly 
developed genitalia (small in one specimen, retracted and 
invisible in the others). 
Lomnicki’s specimens are evidently anteroposterior 
gynandromorphs, though they exhibit some admixture of 
maleness in the anterior portion of the body, and perhaps 
of femaleness in the reduced size of their male genitalia. 
The Cataglyphis and Iridomyrmex cases are also, I believe, 
anteroposterior intersexes or gynandromorphs which may, 
perhaps, have become the only males of their respective 
species. My reasons for this opinion, developed in my 
paper on intercastes (1928, p. 229 et seq.), are derived 
mainly from a consideration of the peculiar conditions in 
the genus Ponera. Some species of these ants (P. erga- 
tandria Forel, P. punctatissima Roger, P. mina Wheeler) 
have males exactly like the workers, except for the geni- 
talia, while one Mediterranean species, P. eduardi Forel, 
has, in addition to the usual winged male an ergatomorphic 
male with worker thorax and abdomen but with the head 
and genitalia male. The ergatomorphic male of P. puncta- 
tissima was originally described by Roger as P. androgyna. 
These ergatomorphic males are therefore transverse, or 
anteroposterior gynandromorphs which function as the 
regular males of the species. Additional support for this 
statement is furnished by three extraordinary specimens 
of P. coarctata pennsylvanica Buckley, which Professor 
Clarence H. Kennedy has generously sent me for examina- 
tion and which he or Miss H. Sheldon will describe in 
detail. They were taken from a colony nesting in a white 
