1931 ] 
Structure of Notiothauma reedi 
13 
Following the usage proposed in Vol. 13, p. 60, of the 
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Ent. Society for 1918, the termi- 
nal abdominal segments may be referred to as the termi- 
nalia, and the anus-bearing portion may be termed the 
proctiger, while the set-off papilla with the anal opening at 
its tip, may be called the anal papilla. In Notiothauma 
(figs. 1, 2 and 5) the anal papilla ap is surmounted by a 
process labelled sr, and below it is a lower process labelled sb. 
The condition exhibited by Notiothauma (fig. 2) suggests 
the beginning of the development of the parts of the proc- 
tiger and its processes exhibited by the Bittacid shown in 
fig. 24. in which the dorsal process labelled sr may have 
developed from one like that labelled sr in fig. 2, while 
the ventral process labelled sb in fig. 24 may have devel- 
oped from a ventral process like that labelled sb in fig. 2. 
Although the cerci ce and proctiger of the Bittacasid shown 
in fig. 24 are hugely developed, these features are more 
normal in such primitive Bittacids as Harpobittacus (fig. 
35), in which the tenth tergite appears to be well devel- 
oped and sclerotized, and in such a highly specialized 
Mecopteron as Nannochorista, the tenth segment (or the 
tenth and eleventh together) is remarkably well developed 
and sclerotized. The cerci are apparently lost in Boreus, 
and the peculiar character of the proctiger pg of fig. 33 
bears out the view that the Boreidse are rather isolated 
Mecoptera. The proctiger pg of Merope (fig. 36) is long 
and slender, and is not as much like that of Notiothauma 
(figs. 1, 2 and 5), as would be expected from the fact 
that the Meropidse and Notiothaumidse are very closely re- 
lated, and the character of these parts is therefore of no 
great significance in attempting to determine the closest 
affinities of the Mecopterous families. The proctiger pg, 
short cerci ce and other features are quite similar in Chor- 
ista (fig. 34) and Panorpodes (fig. 31), and this may possi- 
bly indicate that Panorpodes is related to Chorista as well 
as to Notiothauma among the primitive representatives of 
the Mecoptera. In the Panorpid shown in fig. 28, the 
epiandrium ep, or ninth tergite, is produced posteriorly and 
hides the proctiger, etc., which lies rather far back beneath 
the epiandrium. 
