1931 ] 
Structure of Notiothauma reedi 
5 
sixth segments also, are synscleritous. Panorpodes likewise 
presents an intermediate condition between the posterior 
abdominal segments of Notiothauma, which are broad and 
flattened, and the narrow more cylindrical segments of the 
postabdomen (narrowed region) of the Panorpidse, since 
the segments in Panorpodes are somewhat narrower than 
those of Notiothauma but are not as narrow as those of the 
Panorpidae, in the postabdomen. As was mentioned above 
the sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth segments are syn- 
scleritous in the Panorpidse; the sixth is discleritous, the 
seventh partially so, the eighth is synscleritous and the 
ninth is synscleritous in Panorpodes ; the sixth and seventh 
abdominal segments are discleritous and the eighth and 
ninth are synscleritous in Nannochorista and Notiothauma. 
In Chorista and Merope the sixth and seventh abdominal 
segments are discleritous and the eighth and ninth are 
weakly so. In Boreus and Harpobittacus the sixth, seventh, 
eighth and ninth (reduced in Harpobittacus) abdominal 
segments are discleritous. 
The ninth segment of the male has been termed the an- 
dromere (since it is the genital segment “par excellence”) 
and the ninth segment together with the genitalia constitute 
the androecium, or as the Dipterists term it, the hypopy- 
gium. The andromere or ninth segment presents some in- 
tensely interesting modifications in Notiothauma. Its ter- 
gal region or epiandrium labelled ep in fig. 1, bears a re- 
markable median dorsal process (labelled g in fig. 1 and 
fig. 4) which is turned slightly forward. The lateral por- 
tions of the epandrium on each side of the median process 
g are produced posteriorly to form two lobe-like projec- 
tions labelled e in figs. 1, 4, 5 and 37, and these epandrial 
processes bear lesser lateral projections as is shown in 
figs. 1 and 4 of N otiothauma. These epandrial processes 
are apparently homologous with the processes and lobes 
of the ninth tergite variously termed the surgonopods, sur- 
styli, epivalvse, epiprocessi, etc., in different insects. The 
condition exhibited by N otiothauma, in which the epan- 
drium is produced posteriorly to form the epandrial lobes e 
above the anus-bearing structures pg of fig. 37, apparently 
