86 
Psyche 
[September 
occurrence of this form can be regarded as a direct effect 
of the cool nights, while the late fall emergence was no 
doubt caused by the warmth of the sun on the sheltered 
hillside where the butterflies were seen. This was, there- 
fore, an abnormal emergence of a brood that should have 
remained in the pupal stage until spring. 
Any caterpillars resulting from the matings could hardly 
have been able to endure the cold weather and lack of food, 
though it was an unusually mild winter. However, such a 
winter would be very favorable to the survival of the adults, 
the females of which, having already been fertilized, would 
be able to oviposit quite early. 
References 
^cudder, S. H. The Butterflies of the Eastern United States, p. 1169. 
2 Comstock, John A. The Butterflies of California, p. 51. 
