132 
Psyche 
[December 
flew southward, with only one lone individual flying in any 
other direction; this one changed its course from south 
to west, and disappeared in that direction. 
FREQUENCY ON lOO-FOOT FRONT 
Date 
1932 
Time Flatbed Average 
(Central + . psea No. rate Wind Weather 
Standard) lme per hour 
Sept. 
3 
1:08-1:20 
P. 
M. 
12 
min. 
21 
105 
Northwest 
Part cloudy 
Sept. 
3 
1:20-1:30 
P. 
M. 
10 
min. 
20 
120 
Northwest 
Part cloudy 
Sept. 
3 
3:24-3:36 
P. 
M. 
12 
min. 
18 
90 
West 
Clear 
Sept. 
4 
11:17-11:32 
A. 
M. 
15 
min. 
62 
248 
Variable; 
light breeze 
Clear 
Sept. 
4 
1:19-1:30 
P. 
M. 
11 
min. 
32 
176 
None 
Part cloudy 
Sept. 
4 
1:30-1:39 
P. 
M. 
9 
min. 
29 
194 
None 
Part cloudy 
Sept. 
4 
2:39-3:00 
P. 
M. 
21 
min. 
25 
72 
Variable; 
light 
Part cloudy 
Sept. 
13 
12:59-1:15 
P. 
M. 
16 
min. 
53 
199 
East-north- 
east 
Part cloudy 
Total time, 106 minutes; 260 butterflies counted; average rate, 147 
per hour. All observations made at Webster Groves, Missouri. 
It is interesting to note that the butterflies kept at a uni- 
form height above ground, adapting their up and down 
flight to the knolls and depressions of the ground. The di- 
rection was not altered by encountering obstacles such as 
knolls or buildings; but the butterflies flew over them in- 
stead of around them. Upon reaching a railroad embank- 
ment, they flew downward, maintaining their usual dis- 
tance from the ground, until they were just above the 
tracks; then, as they approached the shadow of a nearby 
viaduct, they turned upward and flew over the bridge, when 
they could have flown under it much more easily. 
Their flight differed from the usual mode of this species 
in being a little less rapid, and not so erratic. They fre- 
quently stopped at flowers, sipping the nectar from one or 
more of the blossoms. Their stops were short ; they seemed 
impatient to resume their march, and showed a restless- 
ness that indicated a desire to press onward. There was no 
pairing, and they showed no flocking tendency; each indi- 
vidual was flying independently. Other species common 
