PROFESSOR OWEN ON THE MEGATHERIUM. 
725 
Var. Malayana . — In the skeleton of a male Polynesian, the metapophyses are well 
developed and project midway between the diapophyses and prezygapophyses on the 
eleventh dorsal : they rise above the prezygapophyses on the tvvelfth, in which there 
is a rudimental anapophysis, as well as a small diapophysis. The anapophysis sub- 
sides to a ridge in the lumbar vertebrae, where the diapophysis suddenly increases in 
length and thickness. 
Var. Papuana . — In the skeleton of an Australian, the metapophysial tubercle, 
which is slightly indicated in the tenth dorsal, becomes more distinct in the eleventh, 
and is well developed in the twelfth dorsal. In this vertebra the anapophysis is first 
distinctly recognizable. In the first lumbar the metapophyses have increased in size, 
but do not project so freely by reason of the extension of the articular surfaces of the 
prezygapophyses upon the inner sides of their base. The anapophyses continue 
distinct. Both metapophyses and anapophyses, though small, are distinct on the 
second as well as the third lumbar vertebrae : the metapophyses subside on the fourth 
lumbar, but the anapophyses are distinctly developed in it. In the last lumbar the 
anapophyses appear like a part of the upper border of the base of the diapophyses, 
pinched up and produced backwards. 
In the following observations from the lower Mammalia, d signifies the dorsal ver- 
tebrae, and I the lumbar vertebrae, in the formulae in which their numbers are given. 
Order Quadrumana. 
In the Chimpanzee {Troglodytes niger), with <^13, /4, the metapophysis, commencing 
at the eleventh dorsal, is very distinct on the twelfth dorsal, where it projects for- 
ward from above the diapophysis : in the thirteenth dorsal the metapophyses are 
thicker and longer than they usually are in the last dorsal of Man. In all the 
lumbar vertebrae they project from the upper and outer part of the anterior zygapo- 
physes, from which they are separated by a narrow groove. There is a feeble rudi- 
ment of an anapophysis from the back part of the long and depressed diapophysis : 
it is longer and more distinct at the back part of the diapophysis of the last lumbar. 
In a young of the great Bornean Orang {Pitheciis Wurmhii), with d 12, I 4, the 
metapophysis begins to project from the anterior angle of the diapophysis in the 
seventh dorsal, progressively increases in size, and is advanced in position close to the 
anterior zygapophysis in the last dorsal, which resembles that of Man in the distinct 
simiarum igitur lumborum vertebris ad radicem transversi processus in inferior! ipsius sede, acutus conspicitur 
processus, rectk deorsum protensus, et sinus qui nervi nomine illic incisus est, externum latus quodammodo 
constituens, ac veluti intervallum cum descendente processu efFormans, in quod ascendens inferioris vertebrae 
processus subintrat Peculiar! enim cuidam extruitur musculo, quern simiae cum canibus communem obti- 
nent, et quo homines inferiorem dorsi partem non aeque ac ilia animalia in clrculum flectentes, non minus 
destituuntur quam omni presentis processus signo.”' — De Human! Corporis Fabrica, fol, 1555, p. 96. In the 
latter statement, however, Vesalius is in error; as will be seen by whoever compares the human spine with 
that of the Ape or Dog, in reference to the existence of the signa or rudiments of the anapophyses. 
MDCCCLI. 
0 A 
