28 DR. FARADAY’S EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES IN ELECTRICITY. (SERIES XXII.) 
bismuth had its place of rest at 2, the development of the magnetic force did not make 
it pass towards 3, in accordance with the former result, but towards 1, which it 
usually attained and often passed, going a little towards 4. In this case the magne- 
crystallic and the diamagnetic forces were opposed to each other, and the former 
gained the advantage up to position 1. 
2573. But though the crystal of bismuth in these cases moves across the lines of 
force in the magnetic field, it cannot he expected to do so in a field where the lines 
are parallel and of equal force, as between flat-faced poles ; the crystal being re- 
strained so as to move only parallel to itself ; for under such circumstances the forces 
are equal in both directions and on both sides of the mass, and the only tendency 
the crystal has, in relation to its magnecrystallic condition, is to turn round a ver- 
tical axis until it is in its natural position in the magnetic field. 
2576. A most important question next arises in relation to the magnecrystallic 
force, namely, whether it is an original force inherent in the crystal of bismuth, &c., 
or whether it is induced under the magnetic and electric influences. When a piece 
of soft iron is held in the vicinity of a magnet it acquires new powers and properties ; 
some persons assume this to depend upon the development by induction of a new force 
in the iron and its particles, like in nature to that in the inducing magnet : by others 
it is considered that the force originally existed in the particles of the iron, and that 
the inductive action consisted only in the arrangement of all the elementary forces in 
one general direction. Applying this to the crystal of bismuth, we cannot make use 
of the latter supposition in the same manner; for all the particles are arranged be- 
forehand, and it is that very arrangement of them and their forces which gives the 
bismuth its power. If the particles of a substance be in the heterogeneous condition 
possessed by those of the iron in its unmagnetic state, then the magnetic force may 
develope the magnetic, and also the diamagnetic condition, which probably is a 
condition of induction ; but it does not appear at once, that it can develope a state 
of the kind now under consideration. 
2577- That the particles hold their own to a great extent in all the results is mani- 
fest, by the consideration that they have an inherent power or force, the crystalline 
force, which is so unchangeable that no treatment to which they can be subjected 
can alter it; that it is this very force which, placing the particles in a regular po- 
sition in the mass, enables them to act jointly on the magnet or the electric current, 
and affect or be affected by them ; and that if the particles are not so arranged, but 
are in all directions in the mass, then the sum of their forces externally is nothing, 
and no inductive exertion of the magnet or current can develope the slightest trace of 
the phenomena. 
2578. And that particles even before crystallization can act in some degree at a 
distance, by virtue of their crystallizing force, is, I think, shown by the following 
