DISTRICT OF CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORELAND. 
327 
more ; at 1900 feet, 1^ per cent, more ; and at 2928 feet, 42^ per cent, less than the 
valley. Here the gauge at 1334 feet, which on the average of the two preceding 
winters received the same quantity as the Vale of Wastdale, has obtained per 
cent, more, whilst the proportions indicated by all the other gauges are less than in 
1846 and 1847. 
It will also be observed that the stations at 1290 and 1334 feet, which in summer 
receive much less rain than at 1900 feet, in the winter months receive more. This 
deficiency is obviously owing to the greater proportion of snow deposited at and lost 
to the instrument at the higher station. 
Now, as in the winter months the mountain gauges give no indication of a large 
proportion of the fall of snovv, all of which is secured to the valley stations by their 
being daily examined, in order to show fairly the gradation from the valley upwards, 
we must exclude those months, and take in as elements in the calculation, the sum- 
mer months only. 
Annexed are the receipts of the mountain gauges and those of the adjacent valleys. 
during the summer of 1848 : — 
inches. 
Stye Head, 1290 feet above the sea 60‘35 
Seatollar Common, 1334 feet above the sea 57‘97 
Sparkling Tarn, 1900 feet above the sea 70‘95 
Great Gabel, 2925 feet above the sea 46 81 
Sea Fell Pike, 3166 feet above the sea 49'46 
Wastdale, the nearest valley 50’ 16 
Eskdale Head, valley to the S.S.E., 3^ miles distant . . 37‘69 
Eskdale, centre of valley to the S.S.E., 5^ miles distant . 32*46 
Ennerdale, valley to the N.W., 3f miles distant .... 42*96 
Loweswater, valley to the N.N.W., 7i miles distant . . 34*52 
Butterrnere, valley to the N.N.W., 4^ miles distant . . . 44*57 
Gatesgarth, valley to the N,, 2^ miles distant ..... 57‘66 
It will be perceived that the increase in the warmer months up to 2000 feet, is 
great and rapid ; and even at the highest attainable elevation in England, the quan- 
tity of rain in those months which are free from snow, considerably exceeds the 
deposit in most of the circumjacent valleys. Indeed (Langdale and Seathwaite ex- 
cepted) Gatesgarth is the only place which materially exceeds Sea Fell and Gabel in 
quantity ; but as Langdale Head is ten miles distant, and as Seathwaite, besides 
being several miles to the northward, exceeds enormously the wettest of the other 
valleys, it is obvious that it would not be fair to institute a comparison between them. 
If the whole of the snow which falls at the mountain stations could be secured, or 
an exact equivalent in water be allowed for it, there can be no doubt that the annual 
results would be similar to those for the summer months only ; but in consequence of 
the greater proximity of the clouds to the earth in the winter months, the proportions 
with respect to the valley would probably be somewhat less. 
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