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PROFESSOR TIEDEMANN ON THE BRAIN OF THE NEGRO, 
in the Negro than in the European. This difference seemed to him particularly 
remarkable in the olfactory and optic nerves, and in the nervi quinti. This difference 
is not visible in the nerves of the brain of the Negro Honors' (Plate XXXI I.) ; they 
are quite as small as the nerves in European brains : nor did I find any difference in 
the brain of the Bosjes woman, nor in the two Negro brains in the Museum of Com- 
parative Anatomy at Paris. We cannot, therefore, allow that the Negro brain is 
smaller than that of the European compared with the size of the nerves, or that the 
nerves of the Negro are thicker than those of the European. 
Has the Brain of the Negro more resemblance to the Brain of the Orang-Outang than 
that of the European ? 
The Monkeys have in their outward form and inward structure the greatest re- 
remblance to Man. Galen # remarked their great similarity. Tyson - f- was the 
first who dissected the brains of an African Orang-Outang, and of a Jocko or 
Chimpanzee, and says he found no difference between them and the human brain. 
His own words are: “ The brain is reputed the more immediate seat of the soul itself; 
one would be apt to think that since there is so great a disparity between the soul of 
a man and a brute, the organ likewise in which it is placed should be very different 
too ; though by comparing the brain of our Pygmie with that of a man, and examining 
with the greatest exactness each part in both, it was very surprising to me to find so 
great a resemblance of the one to the other, that nothing could be more.” 
Buffon^, relying on Tyson’s researches, says, “Le cerveau de I’Orang-Outang est 
absolument de la meme forme et de la meme proportion, et il ne pense pas ; y a-t-il 
une preuve plus evidente, que la rnatiere seule, quoique parfaitement organisee, ne pent 
produire ni la pensee ni la parole, qui en est le signe, a moins qu’elle ne soit animee 
par un principe superieur ?” 
I showed, several years back, by dissecting the brains of some species of the genus 
Simia§, as well as the brain of the Asiatic Orang-Outangj|, that the opinion of Tyson 
and Buffon is erroneous, and that the brain of Monkeys, and even of the Orang- 
Outang, differs very much from the human brain. The brain of the Monkey and 
the Orang-Outang differs as follows from the human brain. 
1. The brain is absolutely and relatively smaller and lighter, shorter, narrower, 
and lower than the human brain. 
2. The brain is smaller in comparison to the size of the nerves than in man. 
3. The hemispheres of the brain are, relatively to the spinal marrow, medulla ob~ 
* De Administrationibus Anatomicis, lib. i. c. 2. “ Simia inter universa animantium genera, turn visceribus, 
turn mnsculis, turn arteriis, turn nervis, simillima hotnini est, quod et ossium forma.” 
t The Anatomy of a Pygmy. London, 1699. 4°. 
J Histoire Naturelle, tom. xiv. p. 61. 
§ leones Cerebri Simiarum et quorumdam Mammalium rariorum. Heidelbergse, 1821. Fol. 
|| The brain of the Orang-Outang compared with that of Man. Zeitschrift fur Physiologie. 1827. B.2. S. 17. 
