HOW THE HAWK IS TRAINED. 
The peregrine falcon and the ger-falcon are the two most 
ordinarily used in the sport of hawking. The former is called 
a long-winged, or lure hawk, and the latter a short-winged, or 
hawk of the fist. They are either taken from the nest, 
captured by means of the butcher-bird, or otherwise. Captured 
hawks under a year old are called red hawks, dusky red being 
the prevailing colour of their plumage. Over a year old, the 
falcon is called a haggard. 
Nestling hawks intended for training are left as long as 
possible with their mother, that course insuring perfection 
of wing and tail, which could be by no means guaranteed 
were the impetuous little fledgling left to its own devices. 
When first taken in hand, it is fed, regularly and plentifully, 
on finely- shredded raw beef, from which every particle of skin 
and gristle has been removed ; now and then its savage appe- 
tite is encouraged by a present of a newly-killed pigeon or 
rook. It is impossible for the hawk-keeper to neglect his 
young charges with impunity; for if fed scantily, or even 
unequally, they show what are technically called hunger 
traces,” the wings and tail, when expanded, showing curious 
marks, as though the edge of a sharp razor had been drawn 
lightly across them in various directions. It is not necessary 
267 
