BRITISH ORES. 
69 
ore ; a mineral containing sulphur, tin, copper, iron, and 
frequently zinc. This mineral is confined in Cornwall to a few 
localities, where it has been raised as a tin ore to a limited extent. 
Tungsten. 
Case 9 . — This metal, known also as wolframium, occurs usually 
as a double tungstate of iron and manganese, forming the species 
called Wolfram. Having a density corresponding nearly with 
that of tin stone, it is with difficul ty separated from the tin ore 
with which it is almost invariably associated. It has for many 
years been raised at East Pool Mine in Cornwall. The yellow 
mineral called Wolframine is a tungsten ochre : whilst the rare 
species Scheelite is a tungstate of calcium. 
Bismuth. 
Case 9 . — -This metal, which occurs usually in a native or free 
state, is not found in this country in any considerable quantity. 
In Cornwall its ores occasionally occur associated with other 
minerals, — with tin in St. Just, and with copper in Redruth and 
in the Camborne mines. 
In addition to the samples of Native bismuth , of which some 
are remarkable for their brilliant lustre, will be found several 
specimens of Bismuthine, a sulphide of bismuth, and of the rare 
mineral called AiJcenite or Needle ore a sulphide of bismuth, 
copper, and lead. It is noticeable that bismuth and its ores are 
characterised by their extreme fusibility, melting readily even 
in the flame of a candle. 
Cobalt and Nickel. 
Cases 9 and 10 . — The ores of these allied metals will be more 
fully noticed among the foreign minerals. In this country they 
are occasionally found in Cornwall, Cumberland, Flintshire, and 
Scotland, but the amount is neither considerable nor constant. 
The principal cobalt ores are Smaltine , or tin- white cobalt, and 
Cobaltine, or silver- white cobalt ; the former an arsenide, and 
the latter an arsenio-sulphide of cobalt, but both usually 
containing varying proportions of other metals. The decom- 
position of these arsenical cobalt ores produces the peach- 
blossom coloured arsenate known as Erythrine or cobalt 
bloom. 
Among the nickel ores, of which the principal is the di-arsenide 
known as Kupfernickel or copper nickel , attention may be 
directed to the needle-like crystals of Millerite or capillary 
pyrites , — a sulphide of nickel occurring in the cavities of the 
clay-ironstone nodules of South Wales. 
No nickel ores are at present worked in this country. The 
only cobalt-ore recently raised has been some impure ore from 
the Carboniferous Limestone of Flintshire, but even this is no 
longer obtained. 
