106 
beds of Oregon and from various Fort Union localities in the United States. 
Many occurrences from the Fort Union, Paskapoo, and from Quilchena, 
Tranquille river, B.C. have been referred to either Corylus americana or 
Corylus rostrata. 
That these last do not represent the existing American species should 
be obvious; that they are distinct from Corylus macquarri is very doubtful. 
Very little violence would be done to the facts if all of these Eocene forms 
were referred to a single species. The leaves of Corylus are notoriously 
variable and whenever or wherever the fossil leaves are abundant they 
can be considered to represent a single variable botanical species, or if 
the opposite view is advocated, from three to six contemporaneous botanical 
species. It does not seem possible to draw any specific lines among these 
variations, as many students have previously recognized. 
I have adopted the course of considering all of them dealt with in 
this study as the variants of the single species Corylus macquarri. Under 
this treatment Plate XVII, figure 6, and Plate XVIII, figure 2, represent 
immature leaves; Plate XVIII, figure 3, is a typical large leaf; Plate XIX, 
figure 5, is a typical Corylus rostrata; and Plate XVIII, figure 4 is more 
like the Arctic leaves which Heer referred to Corylus insignis , 
The modern species of Corylus number 8 or 9, and they are widely 
distributed in Eurasia and North America, ranging from about 31 to 35 
north latitude in North America, and about 5 degrees farther north in 
southeastern Sweden. Some of the fossil leaves show a significent resem- 
blance to the related existing monotypic genus Ostryopsis Decaisne of 
Mongolia and China. The larger leaves like Plate XVIII, figure 3, from 
Joseph creek are very close to the existing Corylus colurna Linn, of south- 
eastern Europe and central Asia. The leaf from Kitsilano shown in 
Plate XVIII, figure 4, is closer to the existing Corylus ferox Wall, of the 
Himalayan region than it is to any other existing species. 
The collections studied by me contain this species from Newhykulston, 
Joseph, and Darlington creeks, and Kitsilano. 
Family, fagaceae 
Quercus groenlandica Heer 
Quercus groenlandica Heer, FI. Foss. Arct., Bd. 1, p. 108, PI. 8, fig. 8, PI. 
10, figs. 3, 4, PI. 11, fig. 4, PI. 47, fig. 1, 1868; Newberry, U.S. Geol. 
Surv., Mon. 35, p. 75, PI. 51, fig. 3, PI. 54, figs. 1, 2, 1898. 
This well-known species is found in the Kenai beds of Alaska and at 
corresponding horizons in western Greenland and Spitzbergen. It is 
represented by typical specimens from Joseph creek, and from Kitsilano. 
Quercus coriacea Newberry 
Quercus coriacea Newberry, U.S. Geol. Surv., Mon. 35, p. 73, PI. 19, figs. 
1-3, PI. 20, fig. 5, 1898. 
This common species of the Puget group in the state of Washington 
is found at Kitsilano. 
