13 
Striated and moutonn^es rock surfaces also are found at numerous 
points in the valley and on the hillsides, the striee mainly running north- 
west and southeast. Positive proof as to whether the ice went up the 
valley or down has not been found, but near Sayabec and on islands in 
lake Matapedia the scouring and grooving are so pronounced that the 
presence of an important glacier must be assumed; and at points so near 
the watershed this ice mass could hardly be local, but must have been a 
part of the continental sheet pushing southeast from the depression of 
the St. Lawrence valley. 
However, the strongest evidence for the movement of the Labrador 
ice-sheet over the low pass in the mountains is furnished by the drift 
boulders, such as blocks of granite and (less often) gneiss, which have 
been found at a number of places along the Matapedia valley and nearby 
hills. These occur, with a great preponderance of local rocks, in stone 
heaps at different points, but are best found in the river deposits, no 
doubt derived and concentrated from the drift. At the mouth of Mata- 
pedia river, where it joins the Kestigouche, large pebbles and small boulders 
of granite and gneiss of Laurentian appearance are found, though only in 
small numbers. These must have come from the Laurentian region north 
of the St. Lawrence. Pebbles and boulders of amygdaloid occur also, 
probably from the Precambrian area northeast of lake Matapedia; and 
a few scattered masses of limestone conglomerate have no known source 
except the outcrops of this rock to the north. 
It may be considered as proved that the Labrador ice-sheet extended 
across the St. Lawrence and down the Matapedia valley to Chaleur bay 
and that the glacial phenomena of the region were not due to the action of 
local glaciers. This does not exclude the operation of such local glaciers 
after the continental ice-sheet departed from the pass between the St. 
Lawrence and Chaleur bay. 
Local Glaciers 
It has been shown that the Labrador ice-sheet divided into two lobes 
at the western end of Gaspe peninsula, one lobe filling the St. Lawrence 
channel and the other following Matapedia valley and the basin of Chaleur 
bay. These lobes passed on each side of the peninsula but met beyond it 
and continued as a single sheet of ice. The space left between the two 
lobes was, however, not left bare, but was largely covered by local glaciers, 
as suggested by Bell and Chalmers. They describe one such glacier as 
filling the York and Dartmouth valleys at the east end of Gaspe, and this 
was probably the largest. 
There is evidence that ice from the Shickshocks passed over mountains 
about 2,000 feet in height at the Federal Zinc and Lead mine, since boulder 
clay with enclosed boulders from the north is found there, and similar 
stones derived from the mountains are scattered along the whole valley of 
Cascapedia river. There were also local glaciers radiating northwards and 
northeastwards from the Shickshocks, as shown by the distribution of 
boulders and by the directions of slriations on rock surfaces. It is very 
probable that the glaciers just mentioned met the two lobes of the Labrador 
ice-sheet and blended with them, thus reinforcing the main sheet which 
passed southeastward. 
33067—2 
