18 
A walk of 5 miles up the brook valley, following a lumber road, showed 
a fall of 355 feet, or 71 feet per mile.; but the V-shaped channel is well 
graded. The brook is crooked and its valley displays very marked 
re-entrant forms (Figure 3). No important deposits of drift were seen 
except the terrace sands and gravels formed as deltas by the creek when the 
land stood at lower levels. These partly filled a preglacial valley but are 
now being cleared out again, so that rock in place frequently forms the 
creek bed. 
The valley is cut 700 or 800 feet below the general level and is typically 
V-shaped. This and the striking re-entrants mentioned above show that 
it has never been shaped to any important degree by a valley glacier. 
Marsotjins 
Two roads run between riviere a la Martre and Marsouins, one about 
5 miles in length along the shore, the other, 1|- miles longer, over the 
mountain. The shore road runs at the foot of impressive cliffs and is 
impassable at high tide, so that the road inland is much used in spite 
of very steep grades. 
Going east by it, farms are met to a height of 760 feet, the soil being 
mainly residual but of good quality. Some fields are being cleared at 
higher levels, also, and it may be that the smaller amount of fog at the 
higher levels atones for the greater exposure to the cold, northerly winds. 
It was noticed that the fog often extends only a little way inland, 
so that instead of the stunted spruces and birches of the shore there are 
well grown trees up the valley, including cedars 3| feet in diameter at the 
butt, sugar maples 1| feet thick, and yellow birch of good size, as well 
as stumps of large spruce and white birch. 
After the steep climb out of the valley to about 1,000 feet there are 
2§ miles of tableland, the highest level reaching 1,200 feet, before the road 
begins to descend below 1,000 again. The tableland is inclined, rising 
from the cliffs along shore with a gentle slope towards the Shickshocks to the 
south; and the only evidence that it was ever ice-covered is the presence 
of some boulders of Tabletop granite scattered over it. These must have 
been brought by a local glacier from the mountains 12 miles to the south. 
Rivi&re aux Marsouins is larger and longer than riviere a la Martre 
and forks 2 or 3 miles from its mouth, but its valley is of the same type, 
deeply cut and V-shaped with bedrock showing at the bottom in many 
places. The eastern branch of the river was followed up for 8 miles on 
a road leading to a small sawmill. The rise in that distance is 1,107 feet, 
the gradient increasing in proportion to the distance from the shore. 
The usual blue Labradorean boulder clay is found near the mouth 
of the river, followed by well-formed marine terraces in the valley up to a 
height of 203 feet, the best being at 126 feet. Very few' Laurentian 
boulders were seen; but many large and small boulders of the Tabletop 
granite occur in the river valley as far up as it was Lraversed. 
Marsouins to Riviere-Madeleine 
Farther east the road climbs rapidly to about 1,000 feet and remains 
above this level for 3^ miles, the highest point reached on the tableland 
being 1,350 feet. It then descends quickly to sea-level at Ruisseau-Arbour 
where the regular boulder clay and terraces are found, the highest certain 
one being at 153 feet, though ice-rafted boulders continue to 238 feet. 
