20 
west side of the valley are probably as high, so that the relief of the region 
is pronounced. 
A little boulder clay along the railway near the sea, and also near the 
falls on the river, is the only evidence of ice action. The bedrock displayed 
in the railway cuttings is greatly tilted and crumpled slate, often breaking 
into slender, square pencils; and it quickly weathers down into soil. 
Terraces were found at seven levels, the highest 130 feet above the sea. 
Although the railway from the pier at Rivi&re-Madeleine to the pulp 
mill climbs to nearly 900 feet on the mountain, a longer line surveyed to 
Grand e-Vallee, the next village to the east, does not rise above 375 feet. 
From Riviere-Madeleine Eastwards 
The road east from Magdalen river ascends the mountain rapidly and 
in about 3 miles reaches an elevation of 800 feet. The mountain rises 
to the south probably to 1,000 feet, and may be considered the last outlier 
of the Shickshocks along the shore of the St. Lawrence. The whole width 
of mountainous shore is about 45 miles. 
Eight miles east of Riviere-Mad eleine is the village of Grande-Yallde 
where, as the name suggests, there is a considerable area of farming land, 
most of it on marine terraces. Many shells occur in a road cutting about 
75 feet above the sea. 
At Petite-Vallee, 4 miles east, striae are found on sandstone beds in 
slate, the direction being from 5 degrees to 20 degrees east of north and 
indicating ice moving outward from the mountains. The settlement is 
almost continuous from Grande-Vallee to Chloridorme and pointe Seche, 
a distance of 18 miles, the fields extending widely over the usual terraces 
which rise in places to 125 feet. 
St. Helier (Grand-Etang), the next settlement, important for its 
cod fisherjq is, however, enclosed between rocky hills forming striking 
cliffs on the shore. The small lake (Etang) is about 1| miles long and 
is said by a man in charge of a fish hatchery to be from 13 to 18 fathoms 
deep. As its outlet is not more than 7 or 8 feet above high tide it goes far 
below sea-level, though it is not so remarkable in this respect as the lake 
at anse Pleureuse. The hills rise with steep slopes from the lake, and 
the road eastward runs 2 or 3 miles inland over hills reaching 650 feet 
above the sea. For about 12 miles there is an interruption of the settle- 
ments by this mass of hills which forms almost vertical cliffs facing the sea. 
From Anse-au-Vallon, the first settlement east of St. Helier, the 
country is hilly but with cultivated terraced valleys to Fox River, a village 
of some size, chiefly dependent on the cod fishery. The village is mainly 
situated on a terrace only 13 feet above mean sea-level, but spreads to 
higher terraces at 20 and 36 feet. There is a well-marked terrace at 58 
feet also, and there are possible water-levels at 121 and 148 feet. 
Between Anse-au-Vallon and Fox River a little boulder clay with 
well striated stones was seen at about 100 feet above the sea, but most 
of the surface consists of rock weathered in place, as at other points along 
the north shore of Gaspe. Some blocks of serpentine mixed with local 
boulders of sandstone no doubt came from a small hill of serpentine to the 
southwest on Dartmouth river, as indicated on the geological map. A few 
boulders of weathered basic eruptive and of green schist seem to have 
come from the interior, but their source is unknown. 
