22 
From the foregoing account it will be seen that these views must be 
modified, since boulders derived from the mountains are found widely 
scattered even to the seashore, showing that there was a movement of 
local glaciers outward from the Shickshocks toward the coast. The small 
amount of glacial material and the extensive surfaces of weathered rock 
show, however, that their action was not long continued nor powerful. 
The belief that the Labrador ice-sheet did not reach the shore of Gaspe is 
disproved also, for characteristic boulder clay with Archaean stones is 
found at low levels near the mouth of almost every river valley. 
One of the most striking features of the coast is the splendid series 
of marine terraces, higher toward the west than toward the east, which 
provide sites for villages and roads as well as most of the farmland of the 
region, the sea having prepared the way for human occupation. 
East and South Sides 
Beyond the long and rocky promontory of the Forillon is Gaspe bay, 
the deepest indentation on the whole coast of the peninsula, and all the 
geological and most of the human features are changed. The southern 
side of Gaspe consists mainly of Devonian sandstones and conglomerates 
of a prevalent red colour instead of the grey or purple Cambrian and 
Ordovician slates which make up most of the north coast. Bays and 
harbours are numerous, rivers are much longer and usually have a gentler 
flow than those of the north. Wide and fertile plains are frequent, occupied 
by farmers by profession, so that fishing and lumbering are minor indus- 
tries. Many of the inhabitants are English speaking and there are Scotch 
and Irish communities also, in contrast to the north side where only French 
is spoken. 
On the east and southeast the shore faces the open gulf, and outside 
of the bays is exposed to violent wave action. The western part of the 
shore, on Chaleur bay, is less and less wave beaten until the mouth of 
Restigouche river is reached, where wave action is unimportant. Marine 
terraces are much less prominent than on the north side and boulders of 
granite or gneiss are seldom noticed. 
The mountain range to the north gives shelter, and the adjoining 
waters, as the name Chaleur bay suggests, are much warmer than those 
of the St. Lawrence, so that the climate is milder. 
Gaspe Bay and Basin 
Twelve miles northwest of its mouth Gaspe bay is cut nearly in two 
by accumulations of beach materials reaching out from each side, and 
just beyond this Gaspe basin turns off to the west with a length of 4 miles, 
followed by marshy islands at the outlet of York river. At the head of 
Gaspe bay, also, there are low islands forming the delta of Dartmouth 
river. 
Boulder clay occurs scantily along the northeast shore of the bay, 
the stones contained in it being mostly local, though fragments of horn- 
blende schist and of an agglomerate formed of some basic eruptive must 
have come from the interior. 
There are well-marked stria) on sandstone near Grande Gr£ve and at 
other places, the direction being parallel to the axis of the bay. 
