760 PROF. W. H. MILLER ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE NEW STANDARD POUND. 
of material copies which have been carefully compared with them, more securely 
than by reference to experiments referring to natural constants.’ 
The weight of a given volume of water at 62° Fahr., by means of which the Act of 
Geo. IV. directs the pound to be restored, was deduced from the weighings in air 
and in water of a brass cube of 5 inches, of a cylinder of 4 inches diameter and 
6 inches long, and of a sphere of 6 inches diameter, by Sir George Shuckburgh in 
1797} and the measurements of their linear dimensions by Captain Kater in 1821. 
The resulting values of the weight of a cubic inch of water at 62° Fahr. in vacuum, 
in grains of which the lost standard pound contained 5760, were, — by the cube 252*74 1, 
by the cylinder 252*685, by the sphere 252*741. Mean 252*722*. Similar observa- 
tions had been made in France by MM. Lefevre-Gineau and Fabbroni for the pur- 
pose of establishing the value of the kilogramme, which was intended to be the weight 
of a cubic decimetre of water at its maximum density, in a vacuum : the solid used 
on this occasion was a cylinder the diameter and axis of which were nearly 243*5 
millimetres each'f'. In Sweden, MM. Berzelius, Svanberg and Akermann, who 
employed a cylinder 4 inches in diameter and 6 inches long, found the weight of a 
cubic decimetre of water, at 62° Fahr. in a vacuum, to be 2*350595 Swedish pounds:};. 
In Austria, Professor Stampfer, who used a cylinder of about 3*11 inches diameter 
and 3*1 1 inches long, found the weight of a Vienna cubic inch of water, at 62° Fahr. 
in a vacuum, equal to 18*2492 grammes^. Lastly, in Russia, Professor Kupffer has 
determined the weight of an English cubic inch of water in vacuum at 62° Fahr., in 
doli of which a kilogramme contains 22504*86, to be 368*380 by a cylinder the axis 
and diameter of which were nearly 80 millimetres each, and 368*341 by a cylinder 
the axis and diameter of which were 4 English inches each. Mean 368*361 doli. At 
the end of the work entitled ‘ Travaux de la Commission pour fixer les Mesures et les 
Poids de I’Empire de Russie,’ Professor Kupffer has collected the different results 
expressed in doli. The English observations are affected by a small error arising 
from the uncertainty of the value of Professor Schumacher’s troy pound K, which 
was used by Professor Kupffer in finding the relation between the English and French 
standards of weight. This error, however, is quite insignificant compared with the 
differences between the results obtained by the several observers. 
French observations . 
368*365 
English observations . 
368*542 
Swedish observations . 
368*474 
Austrian observations 
368*237 
Russian observations . 
368*361 
* Philosophical Transactions for 1821, Part I. p. 326. 
t Base du Systhme Mdtrique, t. iii. p. 558. 
J Memoirs of the Royal Academy of Stockholm, 1825. 
§ Jahrbiicher des k. k. Polytech. Institutes zu Wien, B. 16, S. 53. 
