FLORA OF ADEN. 
135 
furnished in flower but not in fruit, the two chief jute plants can Avith 
difficulty be separately distinguished.” Commerc. Prod. p. 406 
Economic and medicinal uses : Cf. Watt, Diet. Econ. Prod. II, 534 — 
62, IV, 558 — 60 ; Commerc. Prod. Ind. p. 405 — 427, Ibn-el-Beithar 
III, 338. 
XI. -ZYGOPHYLLACE.fi. 
Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees, with divaricate jointed branches. 
Leaves opposite or alternate, stipulate, 1 — 3-foliate ; stipules in pairs, 
persistent, sometimes spiny. 
Flowers hermaphrodite, regular or irregular, pedunculate, solitary or 
geminate, apparently axillary. Sepals usually 5, free or nearly so. Petals as 
many, free, hypogynous, imbricate or contorted, rarely valvate. Stamens 
as many as the petals or twice, rarely thrice as many, inserted at the base 
of the disk, those opposite to the petals often connate at the base with 
the claw of the petals ; filaments often with a minute scale at or near the 
base ; anthers versatile, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary usually 5- 
sulcate, 5- or 10-celled. Style simple or styles 5, radiating ; stigma 
terminal, simple or 5 — 10-lobed. Ovules 1 — 2 or more in each cell. 
Fruit various, never baccate, crustaceous or coriaceous, often separat- 
ing into as many dehiscent or indehiscent cocci as there are carpels, some- 
times spinose or winged Seeds usually pendulous and solitary in each 
cell, oblong or linear ; raphe adnate or free ; testa membranous, crustace- 
ous or thick and mucilaginous ; albumen scanty, rarely absent ; embryo 
as long as the seed, straight or rarely curved ; cotyledons oblong or 
linear, thick or foliaceous ; radicle short, straight, superior. 
Genera 17. Species about 100. 
Distribution : — Tropical and warm regions of both hemispheres, rare 
in tropical Africa. 
Leaves abruptly pinnate ; filaments naked . . . .1. Tribulus. 
Leaves 1 — 2-foIiate ; filaments with a scale . . .2. Zygophyllum. 
Leaves 3 — 1 -foliate ; filaments naked . , . . .3. Fagonia. 
I. Tribulus L. 
Ascending or prostrate, branching, usually pilose or hispid herbs. 
Leaves opposite, one in each pair smaller, abruptly pinnate, stipulate. 
Flowers solitary, pseudo-axillary, pedunculate, white or yellow. 
Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, spreading, imbricate, fugacious. Disk 
annular, 10-lobed. Stamens 10, rarely 5, inserted on the base of the 
disk, the longer opposite to the petals, the 5 shorter with a small gland 
