320 
FLORA OF ADEN. 
indefinite ; filaments free or connate ; anthers 2-celled, often didymous 
with longitudinal, transverse or porous dehiscence. Rudimentary ovary 
present or 0. Female flowers : Sepals usually larger and less connate 
than in the male. Petals sometimes smaller and less often present than 
in the male. Disk hypogynous or of discrete glands or 0. Ovary 
superior, sessile or stipitate, usually of 3 carpels more or less united ; 
ovules 1 — 2 in each carpel, pendulous from the inner angle of the cell, the 
funicle often thickened ; styles as many as the carpels, free or united 
or entira or divided ; stigmatic surface usually on the inner face of 
the styles or style-arms. 
Fruit usually a capsule of 3 two-valved, 1 — 2-seeded cocci separating 
from a persistent axis, or a drupe with 1 — 3-cells or of one or more com- 
bined nuts. Seeds laterally attached at or above the middle of the cells, 
with or without an ariLor caruncle at the hilum ; albumen fleshy ; 
embryo straight, enclosed in the albumen ; cotyledons flat, leafy, and 
radicle superior ; albumen rarely absent and cotyledons sometimes fleshy. 
Genera about 200 ; species about 3,000. 
Distribution : Chiefly tropical, rare in cold countries. 
Trite I. — Huphorbiece : Flowers monoecious ; males numerous, 
consisting each of a solitary pedicelled stamen, many 
of which surround a single female, which consists of a 
solitary pedicelled tricarpellary pistil ; all enclosed in a 
calyx-like involucre. Raphe of ovule ventral . . 1. Euphorbia. 
Tribe 11. — PhyllantTiece : Sepals 1 — 2-seriate. Petals minute or 0. 
Stamens 1 — 2-seriate ; outer series opposite the sepals, 
or all in the centre of the flower. Ovary 2-to many- 
celled, cells 2-ovuled. Raphe of ovule ventral. 
Only 1 genus represented at Aden . ^ . -2. Phyllantlius. 
Tribe III. — Crotonece : Perianth single, or of the male, or of both 
sexes double. Stamens 1 — 2-seriate, outer series alternate 
with the sepals or central in the flower. Ovary 2-3-celled, 
cells 1-ovuled. 
1. Flowers in androgynous 2 — 3-chotomous cymes ; leaves usually 
digitately lobed ; stamens erect . . . • • Jatropha. 
2. Flowers in androgynous racemes ; leaves not digitately lobed •, 
stamens inflexed in bud 4 * Chrozophora. 
3. Flowers in terminal panicles. Staminal bundles indefinite . 5. Ricinus. 
1. Euphorbia Linn. 
Herbs, shrubs, or small trees of various habit, with milky juice ; 
stems slender and leafy or thick and fleshy and sometimes leafless or 
nearly so. Leaves opposite or less commonly alternate. 
Flowers monoecious, combined in an inflorescence of many male florets 
surrounding a solitary fermale, arranged in a common 4-5-lobed 
perianth-like involucre with thick glands at the mouth, each gland often 
