30 
16, Uniformly sooty coloration, tail 
feathers not ending in spines. 
Black Swift p. 239 
17, Feet and toes partly feathered. 
White-throated Swift p. 241 
18, Tail feathers ending in sharp 
spines. 
Figure 39 
Chimney Swift or Vaux Swift p. 240 
19, Bill very slender and awl-shaped. 
Exceedingly minute birds. 
Figure 40 
Hummingbirds p. 241 
o, Feet, medium-sized or small, but not 
noticeably weak, flabby, or loose 
jointed. Legs covered with scales 
or plates. 
20, Two toes in front, either one 
or two directed backwards. Bill 
chisel-shaped at tip. 
Figure 41 
Woodpeckers p. 225 
21, Three toes in front; hind toe as well 
developed and as long as middle toe; 
claw on hind toe usually as long as, or 
longer than, that on middle toe. 
Perchers 
Recognition Details of the Perchers 
Bill wider than high at base; 
tip slightly hooked. 
Figure 43 
p. 245 
Flycatchers 
