or less as dull yellow or greenish yellow over breast and underparts. The eyebrow-line is 
always visible as a lighter coloration of the green. 
Distinctions. The general green and white coloration 
and light eyebrow-line are the best distinctions in any 
plumage. 
Field Marks. General coloration as above, with light 
eyebrow-line and without wing-bars, tail patches, or the 
whitish spot at base of primaries of the Black-throated 
Blue Warbler. 
Nesting. In moss on the ground in small, dense, coni- 
ferous growth, in nest of fine grass, rootlets, and long hairs. 
Distribution. Eastern North America. In Canada, 
across the Dominion, to the eastern slope of the mountains, 
Tennessee Warbler (male); north to the limit of trees. Occurs and breeds in northern 
natural size. British Columbia. 
648. Parula Warbler, blue yellow-backed warbler. Compsothlypis americana. 
L, 4 ■ 73. Above and sides of face and neck blue, almost bright blue, with yellow suffusion 
over middle of back. Below, white, throat and breast 
clear yellow, with a vaguely defined black (or bluish 
black), and rufous band across breast (Figure 286). 
Females and juveniles are duller, without the breast- 
band, and with the yellow more or less suffused over 
all upperparts, but strongest in middle of back. 
White wing-bars in all plumages. 
Distinctions. The blue back, either pure or 
overwashed with yellow, wing-bars, and yellow breast 
and throat are always distinctive. 
Field Marks. See just above. 
Nesting. In bunches of Usnea (Old-man's-beard) 
or other hanging lichens. 
Distribution. Eastern North America. In Can- 
ada, west regularly to the Great Lakes. Has been 
taken occasionally in southern Manitoba. 
SUBSPECIES. The form recognized in Canada is the Northern Parula Warbler 
Compsothlypis americana pusitta. 
Woodland Warblers 
The Genus Dendroica is composed of Warblers of slightly sturdier 
build than the Worm-eating Warblers. The bill is somewhat longer and 
the culmen more decidedly arched (Figures 287-295). The tail except in 
the, Yellow Warbler always contains a considerable amount of white. 
650. Cape May Warbler. Dendroica tigrina. L, 5. Male; throat, breast, and 
most of underparts bright yellow, finely and sharply striped with black on lower throat, 
breast, and flanks. A chestnut patch in the middle 
of the cheek cuts sharply against the yellow (Figure 
287). Top of head black continuing as elongated 
spots on the yellow-green of back. The rump is 
yellow and the wing has a large white patch. 
Female: olive-grey above, dirty white below warmed 
with yellow suffusion across breast which is faintly 
striped with dark. Rump yellowish, and white 
wing patch replaced with vague bars. Juvenile: 
similar to spring birds but less bright; male, without 
chestnut cheeks. Females: even, dull olive-grey, 
slightly yellow on rump; dull white slightly olive 
below, faintly streaked with soft, dark lines, and with 
Figure 287 faint washes of yellowish olive on breast and flanks. 
Cape May Warbler (male); natural size. Distinctions. Males are distinctive with their 
tiger-like colours of yellow with black stripings. 
Adult females show enough of the male’s pattern to be recognizable. Juvenile females 
are more difficult to recognize. However, all show at least an appreciable yellow- 
Farula Warbler (male); natural size. 
