320 
657. Magnolia Warbler, black and yellow wabbleb. Dendroica magnolia. L, 
5-12. Plate LXX B. Male: above, mostly blue-grey, clear on crown but with a black 
saddle and yellow rump; below, to near tail-coverts, bright yellow, with a broken breast- 
band of black, continuing down the flanks in stripes. Face and cheeks black, bordered 
by thin white line above. Female : similar, but with details subdued and softened. Aut um n 
birds are dull grey on crown, shaded with green on back, changing to yellow on rump, all 
below clear yellow with flank stripes but faintly suggested or absent. 
Distinctions. The bright yellow breast and underparts distinctly striped with black; 
black cheeks; greyish upperparts and yellow rump are quite distinctive in spring. The 
Magnolia Warbler has a general resemblance to the Canadian and to Townsend’s 
Warbler. Distinguished from the Canadian by the yellow rump and from Townsend’s 
by absence of yellow eyebrow. In autumn it still retains veiled suggestions of spring 
plumage, but the breast and flank markings are reduced or absent; the head and face evenly 
greyish and the back greyish shaded with green. 
Field Marks. The yellow below and on rump will separate the Magnolia from all 
Warblers but the Cape May. The latter’s yellow breast is sharply and more evenly 
striped with black and it has the chestnut ear patch. It may also be suggested by Town- 
send’s Warbler (Plate LXXI A), but it never has a black throat or yellow eyebrow and 
the rump is always yellow. Close examination of the Magnolia in autumn plumage always 
shows a vague, light ashy bar across the upper breast. The tail is also a good identifica- 
tion mark. The characteristic white marking of the tail is well back from the tip and 
rather extensive, giving, when seen from below, the appearance of a white tail broadly 
banded with black. 
Nesting. In coniferous trees 3 to 6 feet from the ground in nest of fine twigs and leaf 
stems lined with hairlike rootlets. 
Distribution. Eastern North America. In Canada, across the Dominion to the 
eastern slope of the mountains, occasionally in interior and northern districts of British 
Columbia, but never to the coast; north to Mackenzie valley. 
658. Cerulean Warbler. Dendroica cendea. L, 4-50. Male: all sky blue and white. 
Above, all blue with fine black markings on back and sides of crown (Figure 289). 
Below, pure white with blue breast-band and flank-stripes; wing-bars white. Female: even, 
dull greenish blue above; white below, more 
or less stained with suggestions of greenish 
and yellow. Juvenile similar to female but 
yellower all over. 
Distinctions. The male is unmistakable. 
Other plumages have a peculiar bluish green, 
instead of olive or yellowish green like other 
species, that is quite characteristic. The 
juvenile with its yellow-greenish underparts 
and eye-stripe somewhat similar to the 
young Tennessee Warbler (Figure 285), but 
its white wing-bars and tail patches will at 
once separate it from that species. 
Field Marks. All blue and white of the 
male and the decided bluish sheen of other 
Figure 289 plumages. Otherwise like a Tennessee 
Cerulean Warbler (male); natural size. Warbler, but with white wing-bars and white 
in tail. 
Nesting. In tree 20 to 60 feet above ground in nest of fine fibres bound with spider's 
web, lined with strips of bark with a few lichens on outer surface. 
Distribution. Eastern United States except coast area; north to southern Ontario. 
One specimen has been taken in southern Manitoba, forming the only record for western 
Canada. 
659. Chestnut-sided Warbler. Dendroica -pensylvanica. L, 5*14. Male: crown 
yellow (Figure 290); back black and grey in stripes, overwashed with yellowish green; 
below white with chestnut bands along flanks; two white or yellowish wing-bars. Juvenile 
an almost even yellowish green above, white below, cheeks grey; usually with suggestions 
of the chestnut sides of the male. 
