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661. Black- poll Warbler. Dendroica striata. L, 5-56. Spring birds, black and 
white striped. Male with solidly black crown, and back striped with black and grey; 
below and cheeks white with series of stripes fiom 
base of bill, down sides of neck and along flanks 
(Figure 292). Female: dull greenish above, faintly 
striped; dull greenish- white below, with suggestion 
of striping like male. Autumn birds altogether 
different and almost indistinguishable from 
autumn Bay-breasts (See preceding species). 
Distinctions. Spring male Black-polls with 
their clear black and white striping may be mis- 
taken for no other bird within their regular range 
except the Black and White Warbler. Their non- 
creeping habits and crown solidly black instead of 
white, a white median line, easily identifies them. 
Spring females with their general greenish colour 
and suggestion of striping are also easily recog- 
nized. The Black-throated Grey Warbler of the 
extreme southwestern coast of British Columbia 
is a similar-appearing striped black and white bird, but the male has a black throat and 
all plumages have black, or almost black, cheeks ( See Figure 293). 
Field Marks. Spring males are largely striped black and white, with solid black crown, 
and white cheeks and throat. The female is greenish, whiter below and more or less 
streaked with black on sides of throat and flanks. Autumn birds are olive-green above, 
with wing-bars of white; greenish-cream below, almost exactly like autumn Bay-breasts, 
but as a rule with very faint stripes, and visible only to sharp eyes and good glasses, showing 
through the yellowish of breast and flanks. 
Nesting. Generally in spruce trees, in nest of twigs, mosses, rootlets, etc., lined with 
fine grasses and tendrils. 
Distribution. North and South America. In Canada, across the Dominion, north to 
the limit of trees. Absent or scarce in southern British Columbia. 
662. Blackburnian Warbler. Dendroica fusca. L, 5-25. Plate LXXI A. Spring 
male mostly black above and white below; clear black on head and cheeks; with bright 
orange breast, throat, eye-brow line, and median streak in crown. Female like male but 
much duller. Juveniles mostly dull greenish, lightening below much like autumn Black- 
poll and Bay-breasted Warblers. 
Distinctions. Most specimens are unmistakable. Autumn females may be confused 
with autumn Black-polls and Bay-breasts, but the clearer yellow on throat, absence of green- 
ish tinge below, and dark ear-coverts with conspicuous buff eye-brow line are diagnostic. 
Field Marks. The bright orange or warm yellow confined to throat and breast and 
orange-yellow or buff eye-brow stripe in contrast with the dark cheeks and crown, make 
the best field marks. 
Nesting. In coniferous trees in nest of fine twigs and grasses, lined with grasses and 
tendrils. 
Distribution. Eastern North America. In Canada, west, including Manitoba. 
Occasional in Saskatchewan. 
Figure 292 
Black-poll Warbler (male); natural size. 
665. Black- throated Grey Warbler. Dendroica nigrescens. L, 5. A striped 
black and white Warbler; male, with solid black 
throat, cheeks, and crown, and a small lemon- 
yellow spot in front of the eye (Figure 293). Sexes 
and juveniles similar, but duller and lacking black 
throat partly or completely. 
Distinctions. With black and white striping; 
to be confused only with the spring Black-poll or 
the Black and White Warbler, but not occurring 
within the regular range of either of them. Any 
black and white Warbler on the southern coast of 
British Columbia is probably this species. 
Field Marks. A black and white streaked 
Warbler with solid black throat, cheeks, and crown. 
Nesting, In low thicket or high pines. Nest 
of bleached plant fibres lined with feathers. 
Distribution. Western North America. In Canada only in southwestern British 
Columbia, lower Fraser valley, and adjoining areas. 
Figure 293 
Black-throated Grey Warbler (male); 
natural size. 
