326 
The most conclusive distinction is, however, size; a bird with wing over 2-60 inches is 
undoubtedly this species. 
Field Marks. The evenly grey throat and white eye-ring of adults and the buffy 
olive throat and buff eye-ring of the juveniles. Both this bird and the Mourning Warbler 
walk instead of hop. 
Nesting. On the ground in nest of dry grass. 
Distribution. Eastern North America. In Canada, southern Ontario and Manitoba 
west to northern Alberta. 
One of the rarest of our Warblers. Its nest has seldom been found. 
It is very retiring and very local. It should be looked for on the ground 
in waste brush. 
679. Mourning Warbler. Oporomis Philadelphia. L, 5-63. A greenish Warbler. Male: 
clear lemon-yellow below; whole head, neck, and breast bluish grey with semi-concealed 
black spots on breast and throat giving a fancied resemblance to crape, which suggests the 
common name, 1 he female is similar, but the grey lighter and without the crape markings 
on breast, thus resembling the male of the Connecticut. Juveniles have the grey of the 
crown, etc., replaced with the body green and the yellow of the underparts extends up neck 
to throat, slightly modified by lighter and greyish tinges. 
Figure 298 
Mourning Warbler (male); natural size. 
Distinctions. The Mourning Warbler is almost identical with Macgillivray’a of the 
western prairie and mountain regions. Adult males are separable from it by the general 
even greyness of face without definite black in front of eye or white spots on the eyelids 
(Figure 298, compare with 299). Juveniles or females are often inseparable from that 
species. Somewhat similar to the Connecticut Warbler, adult males are separable from 
it by the crape-like black on the breast and the lack of white eye-ring (compare with Figure 
297). Juveniles and females may have suggestions of eye-rings, but see that species for 
details. Any such bird with wing under 2 -60 inches long is undoubtedly either Mourning 
or Macgillivray’s, or perhaps Maryland Yellow-throat. 
Field Marks. A green ground Warbler, bright yellow below with even grey head (no 
black on face or white on eyelids) and crape-like black across breast. For juveniles the 
large amount of bright yellow underparts right to undertail-coverts, and greyish head. 
This species, like Macgillivray’s and the Connecticut Warblers, walks instead of hops. 
Some juveniles and females cannot be reliably separated from the above species in life. 
Nesting. On or near the ground in nest of strips of bark and other fibrous material, 
lined with hair. 
Distribution. Eastern North America. In Canada across the Dominion west to the 
Alberta foothills; north to the dense spruce forest. 
680. Macgillivray’s Warbler, tolmie’s warbler. Oporornis tolmiei. L, 5-63. 
Plate LXXIII A. A greenish backed Warbler; bright lemon-yellow below back to under- 
tail-coverts. Head, neck, and breast bluish grey with black in front of eye; a conspicuous 
white spot on either eyelid, and breast covered with semi-concealed and coalescing black 
