CONTENTS. 
xiii 
CHAPTER XIV. 
ST. HELENA. 
Position and physical features of St. Helena — Change effected by European occupa- 
tion— The Insects of St. Helena— Coleoptera— Peculiarities and origin of the 
Coleoptera of St. Helena— Land-shells of St. Helena —Absence of Fresh-water 
Organisms — Native vegetation of St. Helena — The relations of the St. Helena 
Composite— Concluding remarks on St. Helena .... Pages 281 — 297 
CHAPTER XV. 
I THE SANDWICH ISLANDS. 
Position and Physical features — Zoology of the Sandwich Islands — Birds — Reptiles — 
Land-shells — Insects — Vegetation of the Sandwich Islands — Peculiar features of 
the Hawaiian Flora — Antiquity of the Hawaiian Fauna and Flora — Concluding 
observations on the Fauna and Flora of the Sandwich Islands— General Remarks 
on Oceanic Islands Pages 298 — 311 
CHAPTER XVI. 
CONTINENTAL ISLANDS OF EEC ENT OEIGIN : GEEAT BEITAIN . 
Characteristic Features of Recent Continental Islands— Recent Physical Changes of 
the British Isles — Proofs of Former Elevation — Submerged Forests — Buried River 
Channels— Time of Last Union with the Continent— Why Britain is poor in 
Species— Peculiar British Birds— Fresh-water Fishes— Cause of Great Speciality 
in Fishes — Peculiar British Insects— Lepidoptera confined to the British Isles — 
Peculiarities of the Isle of Man Lepidoptera — Coleoptera confined to the British 
Isles — Trichoptera peculiar to the British Isles — Land and Fresh-water Shells — 
Peculiarities of the British Flora -Peculiarities of the Irish Flora — Peculiar 
British Mosses and Hepaticae — Concluding Remarks on the Peculiarities of the 
British Fauna and Mora Pages 312 — 347 
CHAPTER XVII. 
BOENEO AND JAVA. 
Position and physical features of Borneo — Zoological features of Borneo : Mammalia 
— Birds — The affinities of the Bornean fauna — Java, its position and physical fea- 
tures — General character of the fauna of Java — Differences between the fauna of 
Java and that of the other Malay Islands — Special relations of the Javan fauna 
to that of the Asiatic continent — Past geographical changes of Java and Borneo 
—The Philippine Islands — Concluding Remarks on the Malay Islands 
Pages 348—362 
CHAPTER XVIII. 
JAPAN AND FOEMOSA. 
Japan, its position and Physical features — Zoological features of Japan — Mammalia 
— Birds — Birds common to Great Britain and Japan — Birds peculiar to Japan 
— Japan Birds recurring in distant areas— Formosa — Physical features of For- 
mosa — Animal life of Formosa — Mammalia — Land birds peculiar to Formosa — 
Formosan birds recurring in India or Malaya — Comparison of faunas of Hainan, 
Formosa, and Japan— General Remarks on Recent Continental Islands 
Pages 363-382 
