CHAP. XV.] 
THE SANDWICH ISLANDS. 
307 
Aurantiacese, Guttiferae, Malpighiacese, Meliacese, Combretaceae, 
Rhizophoraceae, Melastomaceae, Passifloraceae, Cunoniacese, 
Jasminaceae, Acanthaceae, Myristicaceae, Casuaraceae, Scita- 
mineae, and Aracae, as well as the genera Clerodendrum, Ficus, 
and epidendric orchids. Australian affinities are shown by the 
genera Exocarpus, Cyathodes, Melicope, Pittosporum, and by a 
phyllodinous Acacia. New Zealand is represented by Ascarina, 
Coprosma, Acaena, and several Cyperaceae ; while America is 
represented by the genera Nama, Gunnera, Phyllostegia, Sisy- 
rinchium, and by a red-flowered Rubus and a yellow-flowered 
Sanicula allied to Oregon species. 
There is no true alpine flora on the higher summits, but 
several of the temperate forms extend to a great elevation. 
Thus Mr. Pickering records Yaccinium, Ranunculus, Silene, 
Gnaphalium and Geranium, as occurring above ten thousand 
feet elevation ; while Viola, Drosera, Acaena, Lobelia, Edwardsia, 
Dodonaea, Lycopodium, and many Compositae, range above six 
thousand feet. Yaccinium and Silene are very interesting, as 
they are peculiar to the North Temperate zone, except one Silene 
in South Africa. 
The proportionate abundance of the different families in this 
interesting flora is as follows : — 
1. Composite 1 , 
47 species. 
11. Piperacea?, 
12 
species. 
2. Cyperaceae, 
39 „ 
12. Convolvulacea?, 
12 
3. Lobeliacese, 
35 „ 
13. Malvaceae, 
12 
)) 
4. Rubiacea?, 
33 „ 
14. Amarantaceas, 
9 
” 
5. Labiatae, 
27 ,, 
15. Araliaceae, 
8 
6. Leguminosae, 
20 „ 
16. Violaceae, 
6 
7. Rutaceae, 
17 „ 
17. Pittosporaceae, 
6 
8. Caryophyllacea?, 
, 14 „ 
18. Myrtaceae, 
6 
9. Gesneriaceae, 
14 „ 
19. Goodeniaceae, 
6 
10. Urticaceae, 
13 „ 
20. Thymelaceae, 
6 
Four other orders, Geraniaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rosaceae, and 
Cucurbitaceae, have five species each ; and among the more im- 
portant orders which have less than five species each are Ranun- 
culaceas, Ericaceae, Primulaceae, Polygonaceae, Orchidaceae, and 
Juncaceae. In the above enumeration the grasses (Graminaceae) 
are omitted, as they were not described at the time Mr. Mann’s 
x 2 
