352 
ISLAND LIFE. 
[part II 
connecting land is covered with water, that the amount of 
speciality is hardly, if at all, greater than occurs in many con- 
tinental areas of equal extent, This will be more evident if we 
consider that Borneo is as large as the Indo-Chinese Peninsula, 
or as the Indian Peninsula south of Bombay, and if either of 
these countries were separated from the continent by the sub- 
mergence of the whole area north of them as far as the Hima- 
layas, they would be found to contain about as many peculiar 
genera and species as Borneo actually does now. A more deci- 
sive test of the lapse of time since the separation took place is 
to be found in the presence of a number of representative 
species closely allied to those of the surrounding countries, such 
as the tailed monkeys and the numerous squirrels. These, how- 
ever, are best seen among the birds, which have been more 
thoroughly collected and more carefully studied than the 
mammalia. 
Birds . — About 400 species of birds are known to inhabit 
Borneo, of which 340 are land birds. There are about seventy 
peculiar species ; and, according to Count Salvadori, thirty-four 
of these (thirty-nine with later additions) are very distinct forms, 
while no less than thirty-one are slight modifications of species 
found in Sumatra or the Malay Peninsula. The following are 
the species of birds considered by Count Salvadori to be peculiar 
to Borneo, with the addition of a few species since added : — 
Second Series. 
Representative Species. 
StrigidzE (Owls). 
11. Ninox borneensis. 
I 2. Ciccaba leptogrammica. 
MegaLzEMidzE (Barbets). 
I 3. Chotorea chrysopsis. 
| 4. Calorhamphus fuliginosus. 
PiciDz® (Woodpeckers). 
5. Hemilophus fischeri. 
6. Jungipicus aurantiiventris. 
7. Micropternus badiosus. 
CuculiDzE (Cuckoos). 
1. Indicator archipelagus. I 8. Rhopodytes borneensis. 
2. Heterococcyx neglectus. 
First Series. 
Very distinct Species. 
